Presentation the great wall of china

In this presentaion we talk about how the great wall is made. what were the resources which are involved in the making of wall at through different dynasties.

1. 7 wonders of land The 7 Wonders of the Modern World, also known as the New 7 Wonders of the World, are a series of monuments that have been known as the greatest man-made structures still in existence. In 2000, a campaign was undertaken to vote on new World Wonders From their impressive architecture and remarkable histories these wonders have been added

2. THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

3. HISTORY THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA The Great Wall of China has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is the oldest landmark as small sections of the wall were constructed as early as the 7th century BC. between 1368 and 1644 AD during the Ming dynasty. The length of the Great Wall of China is 21,196.18 km (13,170.7 mi) Most of the people says that this wall was constructed by the defensive purpose from invading tribes and mangols . This wall is also used for transportation , encourage trade and control china,s border

4. The Great Wall mainly covers 15 provincial areas: Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai The Great Wall stretches from west to east in northern China through shanhai pass to jiayau pass at in modern Gansu province. The one thing most people “know” about the Great Wall of China—that it is one of the only man-made structures visible from space

5. CONSTRUCTION OF WALL THROUGH DIFFERENT DYNASTIES Qin Dynasty : (221–206 BC) He ordered that the earlier fortification between the states will removed and the number of existing walls along the northern border be joined through single system as to protect from mangols . HAN DYNASTY :(206 BC – 220 AD) This was the most powerful dynasty after “Qin”, which repaired and extended the existing wall to defend against attacks from other tribes more than 900 miles of the wall was repaired at that time. MING DYNASTY: (1368–1644) Under the strong hand of the Ming rulers, Chinese culture grown, and the period saw an huge amount of construction in addition to the Great Wall, including bridges, temples. Tourism also promote at this period

6. Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural in human history. In 1987, UNESCO designated the Great Wall a World Heritage site.

7. RESOURCES FOR MAKING THE WALLS Great Wall segments were widely built with bricks, with lime mortar and sticky rice used to reinforce the bricks. The wall in this period not only resisted the invasions of nomadic tribes, but also protected people from cold weapons and some firearms. some walls were built along the mountains where there were plenty of stones available. Therefore locally available stones were used to build the wall

8. Stone, cut in rectangular shapes was mostly used to build the foundation, inner and outer tops, and gateways of the wall . Bricks were more advanced materials than earth and stone as their small size and lightweight made them convenient to carry and thus quickened the speed of construction Therefore, bricks were used as the upper layers of the walls to resist attack from various weapons. There might to be approximately 3.8 billion individual bricks used to build the Great Wall of China

9. PARTS OF THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA BEACON TOWER The most important part of defensive project on the great wall. The distance between two beacon towers about 15 miles. Built at the highest point like mountains. Beacon towers were built by using local materials according to that local condition. Well contain three types of beacon Towers: Deliver military information by producing smoke or by lighting a fire.

10. WATCH TOWERS use to transmit military messages. built at a distance of every approximate 1 km. two storied watch towers were built on the great wall in strategic places. used to house troops store weapons and send signals to military. some towers are standing complete and others are disintegrating. many have been rebuilt 25,000 watchtowers were built along the great wall.

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