Presentation1.pptx faculty pharmacologyy

Presentation1.pptx faculty pharmacology

1. عنوان الرساله : تأثير السيفتيوفور على الإستجابه المناعيه لدجاج التسمين ضد بعض اللقاحات الفيروسية. The Effect Of Ceftiofur on The Immune Response Of Broiler Chickens To Some Viral Vaccines

2. Gumboro Disease in Broiler Chickens Gumboro disease is caused by the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), which primarily affects broiler chickens. Transmission: Virus spreads through direct contact with feces, contaminated feed, water, equipment, and air. Symptoms: Depression Diarrhea Dehydration Swollen bursa of Fabricius (immune organ) Impact: The disease causes significant damage to the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to other infections and reduced growth performance.

3. Mortality Rate The mortality rate of IBD depends on the virulence of the strain, the age of the affected chickens, and their immune status. 1) Classical Virulent Strains: Mortality rates typically range from 5% to 20% in susceptible flocks. 2) Very Virulent Strains ( vvIBDV ): Mortality can be much higher, often between 50% and 100%, especially in unvaccinated or immunologically naive flocks. 3) Subclinical Forms: These are caused by less virulent strains and generally have minimal to no mortality.

4. Morbidity Rate Morbidity refers to the percentage of birds showing clinical signs of the disease. 1) High Morbidity: Morbidity rates are usually very high (up to 100%), especially in outbreaks involving susceptible birds. Birds may exhibit depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and reluctance to move. 2) Subclinical Infections: In vaccinated or partially immune flocks, morbidity may be significantly lower, with fewer visible symptoms.

5. Ceftiofur Sodium Role In Supporting Immune Status Ceftiofur sodium, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is commonly used in broiler chickens to treat bacterial infections such as E. coli and Salmonella. Its broad-spectrum activity effectively targets Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, helping improve health and growth performance. In this study we will handle the : Positive Effects of using Ceftiofur Sodium : By controlling bacterial infections, ceftiofur sodium can reduce systemic inflammation and stress, indirectly supporting immune function and allowing better vaccine responses.

6. Experiment Design 1-Experimental chickens: Approximately two hundred fifty one day old commercial ROSS broiler chickens were acquired from Wadi Group Poultry Hatchery (El-Sadat, Menofia Governmate) and reared on a deep litter system house, fed on a balanced ration without any medication, and provided with free access to water. 2-Drug: Ceftiofur sodium, produced by Pfizer, Kalamazoo USA. A glass vial holds 4 grams of Ceftiofur in the form of sodium sterile powder.The reconstituted solution achieved a concentration of 50 mg/ml by diluting 4 grams of sterile drug powder in 80 milliliters of sterile distilled water. The injected dose administered is 5 mg of ceftiofur per kg of body weight in birds, as noted by Chung et al. (2007), on the day of hatching and again on the 14th day.

7. 3-IBD Viruses: * IBD vaccinal Virus:- 1-MERIAL SELECT, INC, Gainesville, GA30503 USA, VAXXITEK HVT + IBD+ND ® (Batch No Rt086) with 0.2 ml s/c injection at day old for VAXXITEK HVT + IBD+ND ® (Batch No Rt086). 2- Viral strains of Intermediate Vaccinal IBD 3- IBDL 2500D from CEVAC® 4- A live, freeze-dried vaccine containing the Winterfield 2512 strain of Infectious Bursal Disease virus, produced from embryonated hen eggs obtained from flocks that are pathogen-free (SPF). 5- Intermediate Vaccine IBD strain: The IBA-VAC ST 1000D contains D78 (a moderately attenuated strain of the Infectious Bursal Disease virus), obtained from FATRO S.p.A. - Laboratory Animal Products.

8. Grouping G1 : Non IBDV vaccinated, non Excenel ® treated and challenged (control). G2 : Excenel ® Medicated with (5 Mg. Ceftiofur/Kg. Body Weight) s/c in neck fold at day old and at 14 days of age and challenged G3 : Vaxxitek ® hvt + ibd + nd vaccinated at day old (0.2 ml s/c neck fold injection) and non Excenel ® medicated and challenged with vvIBDV isolate on the 24th day of age. G4 : Vaxxitek ® hvt + ibd + nd vaccinated day old(0.2 ml s/c neck fold injection), Excenel ® treated s/c (5 Mg. Ceftiofur/Kg. Body Weight) s/c in neck fold at day old and at 14 days of age and challenged with vvIBDV isolate on the 24th day of age (positive control). G5 : Vaccinated with conventional live IBD Vaccines at age of 10 days with IBA-VAC ST in water and age 18 day with CEVAC® IBD L hot strain in water and medicated with (5 Mg. Ceftiofur/Kg. Body Weight) s/c in neck fold at day old and at 14 days of age .

9. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Ceftiofur sodium, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, on the immune response of broiler chickens to various viral vaccines, with a focus on Gumboro disease caused by the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV). The research aims to explore how the antibiotic, by controlling bacterial infections and reducing systemic inflammation, enhances vaccine effectiveness. It involves an experimental design with different groups of broiler chickens to assess the effects of vaccination and Ceftiofur treatment. Ultimately, the study seeks to contribute insights into improving the health and immune resilience of broiler chickens in poultry production systems.

10. G4 (combination group) shows better immune response, lower mortality/morbidity, and higher growth performance compared to other groups, this would confirm the hypothesis that Ceftiofur enhances the efficacy of vaccinatin . • Lower results in G2 compared to vaccinated groups would suggest Ceftiofur’s limited role without vaccination. This results held up by Hemato-bichemichal analysis tests includes : Total Leuckocytic count , Hb and Histolgical Examination Of Bursa , Moreover FCR , and Elisa IBD Titter .

11. 1) Analysis of the immune responses of broilers vaccinated with different Gumboro vaccines after receiving Ceftiofur sodium From our study we can conclude that Vaxxitek ® HVT+IBD+ND, Ceftiofur sodium, and IBDV Challenge group exhibited no detrimental effects on RBC and Hb levels while demonstrating a considerable enhancement in lymphocyte and monocyte counts relative to other groups . The lowest average score of 1.00 within the same group signifies minimum lymphoid atrophy and a well-preserved bursal structure, characterized by relatively modest enlargement of interfollicular gaps. Histopathological examination of the bursal tissues from the Vaxxitek ® HVT+IBD+ND, Ceftiofur sodium, and IBDV challenge group revealed significant restoration of normal histological architecture . Vaxxitek ® HVT+IBD+ND yields superior immune response results in birds treated with Ceftiofur sodium. It also offers excellent protection levels against IBDV and ND that were both timely and sufficiently high to safeguard the chickens against viral assaults.

12. Histological sections of the bursa of Fabricius of broiler chickens

13. Bursa Body Weight

14. Bursa Body Weight

15. 2) Efficacy of Vaxxitek ® (HVT+ IBD+ND) and Conventional live IBD Vaccines on the body weight gain and immune organs of IBDV challenged broiler chickens Our findings provide great evidence that vaccination programme with Vaxxittek ® could mitigate bursal atrophy and damage induced by Gumboro disease. It is concluded that: There is a significant increase in body weight in Gumboro infected broilers due to vaccination programme with Vaxxittek ® under farm condition and also, protect chicks against bursal atrophy and damage. Vaccination programme with Vaxxittek ® should be recommended for use in farm condition to obtain better body weight and for protection against bursal atrophy. Vaxxitek ® HVT+IBD+ND, Ceftiofur sodium, and IBDV Challenge group exhibited no detrimental effects on RBC and Hb levels while demonstrating a considerable enhancement in lymphocyte and monocyte counts relative to other groups.

16. TLC

17. Elisa Evaluation

18. RBCs

19. Combined Benefits Prevention of Viral and Bacterial Infections : Ceftiofur sodium will target bacterial infections while Vaxxitek provides protection against viral diseases like IBD and ND. Using both can help improve overall bird health by addressing both types of infections. Reduced Secondary Infections : After vaccination with Vaxxitek , broilers may experience a temporary dip in immunity as their immune system reacts to the vaccine. During this period, there is a slight risk of secondary bacterial infections, and the use of Ceftiofur can help prevent or treat these secondary infections.

20. Thank you