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Gurgaon and noida case study

1. CASE STUDY OF DELHI’S S TWO SATELLITE TOWNS GURUGRAM AND NOIDA . Submitted by: SUMAN KUMARI  Bachelors of Architecture, 00559301618   AP- 406 RESEARCH PAPER

2. ABSTRACT The population residing in urban areas has been rapidly increasing, especially in the developing world, giving rise to the need for cities and urban establishments to adapt and grow with the change. Satellite cities were developed in the 20th century to shift the population from congested urban areas to new developments established nearby. The urban population in India is increasing rapidly resulting in a higher level of urbanization. Urbanization is positive and a must for the faster economic development of the country and to solve the major problems of unemployment, poverty, and poor quality of living. For attaining higher economic growth, the cities must perform efficiently This paper discusses the planning and evolution of two satellite towns of Delhi, Gurugram and NOIDA. On a Design level, an increase in awareness about urbanization issues is important as towns and cities are getting more chaotic day by day. People have witnessed the deterioration of cities as time has elapsed. As the quality of life is at stake, there is dire attention required on the city’s planning aspects that are continuously evolving. The government of India also encourages the development of satellite towns as one of the solutions to solve the issues of congested cities The purpose of this dissertation is to study the planning, inception, and evolution of a Satellite city and to understand the purpose and relevance of satellite cities in the Indian context.  

3. SYNOPOSIS Aim : To explore the pattern of evolution of the satellite town of Delhi. Objective : To study the concept and characteristics of satellite city To study the planning and inception of Noida and Gurugram Scope of the study The purpose of the satellite cities is to provide a perfect balance between the population and resources, concerning environment-friendly development. We would study the two satellite towns of Delhi and would do an analysis based on the following parameters Comparative analysis of two satellite towns Noida and Gurgaon Analyzing based on the following parameters Public Transportation – Connectivity- to the parent city Planning Population

4. Satellite cities Introduction Satellite cities are planned cities, adjacent to a prime city. Such cities manage and contain the increasing urban sprawl. They are designed for a major city to extend in all possible ways. They are to house and utilize a mushrooming population; Satellite cities are entirely standalone cities, planned, and developed outside metros. They are self-containing, independent cities. The satellite town is separated from the metropolis by the geographic barrier, territory, and others such as the river. Concept of satellite city Satellite cities of the 20th century were influenced by the principles of the Garden City as introduced by Ebenezer Howard. Howard pushed the idea of building planned garden cities, limited in size, and surrounded by a permanent belt of open space Howard pushed the idea of building planned garden cities, limited in size, and surrounded by a permanent belt of open space. Garden Cities were designed to move people away from the slums and the smoke of industrial towns and into new, self-contained towns that were built in the open countryside. As explained in Howard’s famous ‘Three Magnets’ diagram, the idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new settlement. This meant merging the economic and social opportunities of the town with the fresh air and nature of the countryside.

5. The basic characteristic is that it is a smaller city near a large metropolitan city with its local government and economy independent of the neighbouring large city. There are a lot of influences from the large city nearby on the satellite city. Satellite cities have their own culture, own history, and their independent economic infrastructure. The satellite cities are interconnected with the larger cities but are completely independent of the large city nearby. The large city nearby is called the parent city and these satellite cities are locally known within the state but are not as famous all over the world as much as the larger parent city nearby. They are not an extension of the large city nearby. Geographically there is a clear distinction between a large parent city and a satellite city. This means that there is some area or a few miles between the two cities. There is generally a small rural area between the large parent city and the satellite city which completely separates the two cities. Characteristics of satellite city

6. Characteristics of satellite city These are not as developed as the larger cities nearby. The population of the cities is much smaller than that of the larger cities nearby. Many amenities and infrastructural facilities that are available in large cities nearby are not as prominent in the satellite cities. Residents of satellite cities are known to travel regularly to the large city nearby for work, recreational and other reasons. Labour force living in the satellite city travels daily to the large city for work purposes and satellite cities provide manpower to major cities. As the property rates and cost of living are often lower in satellite cities as compared to the parent city, many people find it affordable to live in the small satellite city and work in the larger greater metropolitan area of the large city nearby. The development and size of a satellite city are restricted and limited and it never matches or exceeds the size of the large city nearby. They have historically evolved on their own and are not just an extension created for a large city to meet the need of a growing population. This means these cities have their history, downtown or historical old city areas, and cultural identity

7. Satellite cities in the Indian context In post-independence India, urban planners and authorities thought of creating satellite cities around the big metro cities to share the load of population and activity concentration in the mother city. In India concept of satellite cities has come from the western world. In India, many satellite cities have encouraged the expansion of the mother city rather than channelizing the load and population from the mother city. Satellite cities are planned cities around the big metropolitan city to cater to the population load and other issues in the parent city. In many cases, the existing city around the metropolitan city is considered and treated as a satellite city, which ultimately creates chaos and expansion of the mother city, as these cities are not planned accordingly to cater to a load of mother cities. It is observed that the majority of the satellite towns in India failed to achieve their primary role of decongesting the metropolitan city and also remained far away from achieving their vision of self-sufficiency. It required a shift from the traditional model of satellite development to a new path of metropolitan development, keeping in view the current state of urban growth and government policies. Currently, many satellite towns have grown tremendously and achieved metropolitan character in association with existing metropolises. In the future, it is not one metropolitan city, but a group of metropolitan cities (mother towns with traditional satellite towns) that is expected to grow in a region to develop as a mammoth metropolis. In the case of Mumbai metropolis, satellite towns like Thane (1.8 million) Kalyan-Dombivali (1.2 million), Vasai-Virar city (1.2 million), and Navi Mumbai (1.1 million) already achieved metropolitan status according to 2011

8. Gurugram Gurgaon evolved from being an agrarian powerhouse to a start-up city. proximity to the country’s capital and the international airport helped it become the millennium city that we see today. Evolution Gurgaon, the study area is a glaring example of urban growth. It has experienced a growth spurt both spatially and demographically. With this sharp spurt in its growth, it seems to have taken a modern avatar or reincarnation. It stands today grown and developed from a small town to being the Millennium City of the country. Demographic data of Gurgaon DESCRIPTION 2011 2001 Population 15.14 lakhs 8.71 lakhs Actual population 1,514,432 870,509 Male 816,690 470,504 Female 697,742 400,035 GROWTH 73.96% 44.15% Source: census data 2011 fig: population growth over the years

9. Master plans Gurugram was initially developed by private real estate developers on an individual level. Which lacked basic services like electricity connections, and a sewage system. The first master plan came into existence in the year 2007, for the year 2021. Masterplan 2021 was prepared for the projected population of 37 lacs. The second master plan was developed in 2011 for the year 2025 with a projected population of 40 lacs. It was focused on the industrial and commercial development of the city. For the coming years present masterplan 2031 was developed in the year 2012 with a projected population of 42 lacs. Sr.no Land use 2021 (%) 2025(%) 2031(%) 1 Residential 47% 47% 48.5% 2 Commercial 4.4% 4.4% 4.8% 3 Industrial 17% 16.9% 14% 4 Transport and communication 13% 13.3% 13.4% 5 Public utilities 1.7% 1.8% 1.8% 6 Public and semi-public 5.1% 5.5% 6.1% 7 Open spaces 8.4% 8.3% 8.8% 8 Special zone 0.3% 0.3% 0.34% 9 Defence land 2% 2% 1.4% Table 2: Land use proposed Master plan 2031 Master plan2025 Master plan 2021

10. According to the notification released by the Town and Country Planning Department of the Haryana Government, a large area measuring 4570 hectares had been earmarked for SEZs in the Gurgaon master plans of 2021 and 2025, which eventually found no takers. This was the primary reason for initiating a revision of the plan. And while the allocation of this land was being revised, it was noted that all other Development Plans of major towns/cities in the State were being prepared for a perspective period of 2031 AD, which led to the revision of this development plan to be in accordance to 2031 as well Major changes in masterplan 2031 were, Land from the SEZ category was changed to residential and commercial zone; total residential area increased by 11%, and commercial area increased by 13%. Additional sectors 95A, 95B, 89B, 88B, and 99A were introduced in Gurgaon as a result of the SEZ land change. The population considered was increased from 22 Lacs per hectare to 42.5 Lacs per hectare. The total area was changed from 37,000 to 33,700 hectares. The use of land, which was under acquisition by the Industries Department along KMP Expressway was to be converted to Agriculture Zone

11. Transportation and communication OPERATIONAL ROUTE APPROVED NEW ROUTES PROPOSED NEW ROUTES Moulsari avenue(cybercity) - sector 55,56 HUDA City Centre – Palam Vihar – Moulsari Avenue Gurgaon – Manesar – MBIR (82 km)     Gurgaon – Faridabad     Sector 21 Dwarka – IFFCO Chowk Gurgaon     HUDA City Centre – Gurugram Railway Station     Sector 55/56 – Vatika Chowk (6.34 km) Mode Mode share (percentage)   Public transport 13.9% 2- wheeler 21% cars 9.9% IPT 19.8% walking 45% Gurgaon has lacked in promoting public transport in the city. Many of the areas are not connected through public transportation, people have either use their vehicle or they have to rely on other unsafe para transits. The census data shows that Gurgaon has 232 cars and two-wheelers per 1000 people. Gurgaon is lacking in transit-oriented development. From the above table, we can see that the people of Gurgaon mostly rely on paratransit and the share of public transport is very low.

12.   NOIDA (New Okhla Industrial Development Authority) was formed under the U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976, NOIDA has now established itself as one of the few planned, integrated, modern Industrial Cities in India Evolution NOIDA was formed in 1976, The census of India for the first-time recognized Noida as a Census Town in 1991. It was developed for an integrated industrial township.   NOIDA authority developed a first master plan for the year 1991, but it was changed before implementing it.   The Master Plan Noida 2001 was prepared and finalized in 1983.   The Noida Authority approved a revised Master Plan in 1989 for the perspective year 2011   master plan for the year 2021 was entrusted to a consulting team of the School of Planning and architecture. Master plan 2021 was revised in 2008.    Noida Demographic data of Noida

13. Master plans Authority prepared the first Master Plan for the year 1991 with the following objectives: Master plans are prepared for the planned development of a city regarding its future size, pattern, the direction of growth, etc. Provision of developed sites for about 10,000 small scale industrial units which would employ about 41,000 industrial workers; Development of an integrated township for a population of 3,75,000. However, the basic assumption on which the plan was formulated was drastically recast even before the implementation of the plan. The master plan for the year 2001 was formulated and finalized in the year 1983. The Noida Authority approved a revised Master Plan in 1989 for the perspective year 2011. The plan envisaged a population of 11.5 lakhs for an urbanized area of 7,7hectaresors. The overall density of the city remained at about 145 persons per hectare.

14. In the meantime, NCR Planning Board revised the regional plan for the NCR in 2005. The revised regional plan for the NCR -2021 assigned a population of 12 lakhs for Noida and accorded it the status of a metropolitan city. It was around this time an expressway linking Noida and Greater Noida was coming up. The Noida Authority was apprehensive that unplanned development may occur all along the length of the expressway. In this background, the Noida Authority decided to amend/revise the Master Plan- 2011. The revised master plan which was approved by the state government in 2006 proposed a population of 12 lakhs in 2021 as assigned in the NCR Regional Plan- 2021 NCR Planning Board and the fast-changing development scenario in the NCR region concerning the growth of NCR urban settlements and proposed large-size infrastructure projects, the Noida Authority considered it necessary to comprehensively revise the Master Plan-2021 in 2008. The NOIDA Authority finally approved the draft of Master Plan-2031 in its Board Meeting held on 20-03-2011. The Master Plan-2031 envisages a population of about 25 lakhs in an organizable area of 15275.84 hectares Sr.no Land use 2001 (%) 2021(%) 2031(%) 1 Residential 49.2 35.6 37.45 2 Commercial 13.0 3.77 3.8 3 Industrial 6.1 20.05 18.37 4 Public & semi-public 9.6 8.15 8.89 5 Transportation 13 14.78 12.7 6 Recreational 7.7 10.12 15.9 7 Agriculture   6.8 2.18 8 Waterbody 1.4 0.69 0.68

15. Analysis and conclusion Sr.no Indicators Gurugram (masterplan 2031) Noida (Master plan 2031) 1 Transport MRTS  Bus service   (DMRC & rapid metro by HMRTC) run by GMCBL which is connecting the whole city, but still, there are some sectors that need to be connected by bus route     (DMRC & aqua line by NMRC) There are two DMRC routes and one aqua line route is running within the city MRTS routes are not connecting the whole city.  bus service run by NMRC and UPSRTC which is well connected within the city 2 Infrastructure Sewage   Drainage   Water management   No proposal in the masterplan Noida has 2 sewage treatment plants (STP) Drainage for Flood preventing Proposed 172.5 lpcd 3 Population demographics

16. There were some similarities observed in the planning of the two towns. While the Master Plan for Noida was much more detailed and covered many different elements in-depth, both plans had some overlap. Noida was planned in a grid manner for industrial development and while Gurugram has organic planning. Gurugram was a rural area that developed into an urban center without any planned proposal for the area which leads to different issues faced in th e city like proper sewage and drainage line. Public transport connectivity in Gurgaon is lacking within the city as some areas have been neglected in connection. In Noida NMRC bus service has connected the city with stations of the aqua line. Gurgaon has proposed housing facilities affordable for all income groups and also adapted the self-contained neighbourhood concept for sustainable development to resolve the water shortage in the city, sectors are encouraged to use recycled water and to develop each sector’s zero discharge area. Noida has started an initiative toward sustainable development. The development plan has a proposal for the zero-discharge concept and recycling of wastewater coming from industries and housing. The plan has also been proposed for river conservation and flood prevention methods. Rainwater harvesting is compulsory for residences greater than 300msq area.