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DETAILED PRESENTATION ABOUT GINGIVAL INDICES

1. Indices of gingival diseases MANAHIL MUSHTAQ 2 ND YEAR BDS

2. Index Acc to Russell.A.L , A numerical value describing the relative status of a population on a graduated scale with definite upper and lower limits,which is designed to permit and facilitate comparison with other population classified by the same criteria and methods

3. Types of indices Plaque indices Gingival indices 3.Periodontal indices 4.Treatment needs indices

4. Gingivitis *It is a common and mild form of gum disease that causes inflammation,irritation and redness of gingiva. Types: Acute gingivitis Recurrent gingivitis Chronic gingivitis

5. Gingival index( gi ) Developed by Loe H and silness J in 1963. For the purpose of assessing the severity of gingivitis and its location in the four possible areas by examining only qualitative changes( I.e;the severity of the lesion) of the gingival soft tissue. This index shows good validity,reliability,and ease of use.

6. Instruments used Mouth mirror Periodontal probe

7. Method: The severity of gingivitis is scored on all teeth or on selected index teeth.

8. The index teeth are: 16 Maxillary right first molar 12 Maxillary left lateral incisor 24 Maxillary left first premolar 36 Mandibular left first molar 32 Mandibular left lateral incisor 44 Mandibular right first premolar

9. The tissues surrounding each tooth are divided into four gingival scoring units: • disto-facial papilla •facial margin • mesio-facial papilla •entire lingual gingival margin • The teeth and gingiva should be dried lightly with a blast of air or cotton rolls.

10. Scoring criteria Score Criteria Absence of inflammation/normal gingiva 1 Mild inflammation,slight change in color,slight edema;no bleeding on probing. 2 Moderate inflammation;moderate glazing,redness,edema and hypertrophy,bleeding on probing 3 Severe inflammation;marked redness and hypertrophy,ulceration,tendency to spontaneous bleeding.

11. Recording format

12. Calculation: 💥GI score for the area : - Each area (disto-facial,facial,mesio-facial,lingual) is assigned a score from 0 to 3 💥 GI score for a tooth: - The scores from the four areas of the tooth are added and then divided by four. 💥 GI score for the individual: - The indices for each of the teeth are added and then divided by the total number of teeth examined.The score range from 0 to 3

13. 💥 GI score for a group: - The indices for each member of a group or population is added up and then divided by the total number of individuals in the group or population Gingival scores Condition 0.1- 1.0 Mild gingivitis 1.1-2.0 Moderate gingivitis 2.1-3.0 Severe gingivitis

14. Uses: 1. To determine the prevalence and severity of gingivitis in epidemiologic surveys. 2. For assessment of severity of gingivitis in individual dentition 3. In controlled clinical trials of preventive or therapeutic agents.

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