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1. GROUP- 1 - Shraddha Niraula - Nirjan Pokharel - Romisha Subedi - Muna Kandel - Sijan Shrestha - Kiran Bhatta

2. Table of Contents 03 02 01 04 Introduction of Amazon SWOT Analysis Orgational Goals Core Functions 07 06 05 08 Approach that Amazon follow Emerging Challanges Pestle Analysis Management Theory 2

3. Introduction Jeff Bezos Amazon is an American multinational technology company, engaged in e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence. It is one of the example of multinational business organization whose motive is profit and market expansion. Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos from his garage in July 5, 1994. The company initially started as an online marketplace for books but gradually expanded its offerings to include a wide range of product categories. This diversification led to it being referred to as "The Everything Store". It has been also referred to as "one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world" and is one of the world's most valuable brands. As of October 2023, Amazon is the 12th-most visited website in the world. It is considered one of the Big Five American technology companies. Some list of products and services offered by Amazon are: 1. Retail goods 2. Amazon Prime 3. Amazon Web Services 4. Digital content 5. Amazon Studios and Games Studios 6. Amazon Luna, Amazon Drive 7. Consumer electronics 8. Amazon GPT, Amazon Echo 9. Amazon Home Services, etc. Amazon Company also owns many big platforms such as: Twitch, IMDb, Zoox , Amazon Music, Audible and soon.

4. SWOT Analysis Weaknesses Reliance on third-party sellers. Regulatory challenges and antitrust concerns. Labor issues and criticism of working conditions. Vulnerability to economic Fluctuations Limited physical stores. Poor track record of moving to Sustainable solutions. Threats Competition from other e-commerce giants. Cybersec urity threats and data breaches. Economic downturns impacting consumer spending. Su pply chain risks. Fake Reviews Complex government regulation. Strengths Strong brand recognition and customer loyalty. Diverse product offerings and services. Innovation in technology and Artificial Inte lligence . Global Reach. Well-established network. Opportunities Expansion into new markets and industries Growth in cloud computing and AI. E-commerce boom during pandemic. Access to innovative infrastructure. SWOT ANALYSIS OF AMAZON

5. 5 Organizational Goal of Amazon Major Goals Organizational goals are broad, long-term aims that a company or organization strives to achieve. They provide direction about what is to be done. Effective organizational goals are typically specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART). Specific : Amazon sets clear and precise goals, ensuring they are well-defined and straightforward. This involves identifying the exact aspect of the business they aim to improve, such as delivery times, customer service, or inventory management. Measurable : Amazon establishes quantifiable targets to track progress and measure success. This includes using metrics and data analytics to evaluate improvements and make data-driven decisions.

6. 6 Major Goals Achievable : Goals are set to be realistic and attainable, considering Amazon's resources, technology, and market conditions. This ensures that the objectives are within reach and not overly ambitious . Realistic : Amazon ensures that the goals are practical and feasible, taking into account the current capabilities, market environment, and potential challenges. This involves setting goals that align with the company's overall strategy and resources. Time-bound : Each goal has a defined time frame for completion, creating a sense of urgency and helping to prioritize tasks. This includes setting deadlines and milestones to monitor progress and ensure timely achievement of objectives. Amazon's organizational goals, structured to support its overarching mission and vision, focus on customer satisfaction, innovation, and long-term growth. These goals are crucial for maintaining Amazon's market leadership and fostering continuous improvement.

7. 7 Org. Goal Some Major Goals of Amazon Customer-Centricity/ Obsession: Continuously improve customer experience by offering low prices, convenience and a vast selection to fast and reliable delivery. Innovation : Invest in and develop innovative technologies across e- commerce, cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence and logistics to stay ahead of competitors and meet evolving customer needs. Global Expansion: Expand Amazon's presence in international markets, adapting products and services to local preferences and regulations. Operational Efficiency: Enhance supply chain and logistics to achieve faster and more reliable delivery while reducing operational costs. Sustainability : Achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2040 and Implement sustainable practice across the business. Empowerment of Third-party seller: Provide Platforms, tools & resources to help third-party seller succeed on Amazon.

8. 8 Org. Goal AWS Growth: Expand Amazon Web Series (AWS) to increase its market share in cloud computing & offer advanced solutions to business. Digital Media Leadership : Enhance digital content offerings through prime video, Amazon Music and Kindle to attract & retain subscribers. Workplace Excellence: Improve employee working conditions provide career growth opportunities, and foster a diverse and inclusive work environment. Financial Performance: Achieve consistent growth on revenue, profitability and shareholder value through strategic investments & cost management. Long-Term Growth: Amazon is committed to sustainable, long-term growth. It prioritizes investments that will drive future revenue and profitability, even if they require upfront costs or sacrifices in the short term. Corporate Responsibility: Amazon acknowledges its societal and environmental impact and strives to be a responsible corporate citizen. This involves initiatives to reduce its carbon footprint, promote diversity and inclusion, and contribute to local communities.

9. € Core Function of Amazon Strategic Planning: Amazon management sets long term goals and strategies such as: expanding into new markets, developing new products, investing in AI & cloud computing. Operational Planning : This includes planning for day to day operations such as: inventory management, customer service operations. 1 . PLANING 3 . STAFFING 2 . ORGANIZING Organizational Structure: Amazon maintains hierarchical structure to manage vast operations. Resources Allocation : Efficient allocation of resources including human resources, technology and capital to various projects. Recruitment & Hiring: Amazon invest heavily in attracting top talent across various fields, marketing technology and customer service. Training & development : Continuous training programs to develop employee skills and improve productivity. It development program focuses on leadership program to nurture future leaders. 4 . DIRECTING Leadership : Amazon's leadership led by its CEO plays a crucial role in steering the company towards its goal, effective vision, mission and strategic objectives to all level of organizations. Motivation : Implementing motivational strategies to keep employees engaged & productive. This includes competitive compensation, benefits and dynamic work environment. Performance Monitoring: Regular monitoring of performance metrics across different departments to ensure goals are being met. This includes financial performance, customer satisfaction. Quality control : Ensuring high standards of quality in products and service through various quality control mechanisms & feedback loops. 5. Controlling 1 2 3 5 4

10. Approach Followed By Amazon Amazon employs a blend of management approaches, but it predominantly emphasizes a "bottom-up" approach combined with "management by objectives" (MBO). Here’s how each aspect typically plays out: Bottom-up approach: Amazon encourages innovation and decision-making at lower levels of the organization. Employees are empowered to take ownership of projects and initiatives, fostering a culture where ideas can come from any level within the company. Management by objectives (MBO): Amazon sets clear goals and objectives, which are cascaded down throughout the organization. This ensures alignment of efforts towards common goals while allowing flexibility for teams to determine the best approaches to achieve them. While these two approaches are prominent at Amazon, it's important to note that the company's culture also values input and insights from senior leadership ("top-down") when setting strategic directions and ensuring alignment across the organization. Therefore, Amazon combines elements of all three approaches, but the bottom-up empowerment and MBO frameworks are particularly emphasized in its operational style.

11. EMERGING CHALLENGES OF AMAZON IN TODAY’S CONTEXT In today's dynamic and rapidly evolving business landscape, Amazon is one of the world's largest and most influential technology companies. Despite its success as a global e-commerce giant, the company must navigate complex issues to maintain its position. Point of Emerging Challenges: Labor Issues Technological Dependence Regulatory Scrutiny and Antitrust Issues Supply Chain Disruptions Environmental Impact Cyber security and Data Privacy Market Competition

12. Labor Issues 12 Detailed Explanation of Emerging Challenges Technological Dependence: Amazon relies heavily on technology for its operations, from cloud computing to artificial intelligence. Any significant tech failure or vulnerability could disrupt its services and damage its reputation. Supply Chain Disruptions: Global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have disrupted supply chains, making it harder for Amazon to keep its warehouses stocked and fulfill orders quickly. These disruptions can lead to delays and higher costs. Techno. Dependence Supply Chain Disruptions Market Competition Labor Issues: Amazon's employees, especially those in warehouses, have raised concerns about working conditions, low wages, and the need for better benefits. There have been strikes and efforts to form unions, which puts pressure on Amazon to improve how it treats its workers.

13. 13 Cyber security and Data Privacy: As a tech giant, Amazon handles vast amounts of customer data. This makes it a target for cyber-attacks. Protecting this data is crucial, and any breach could damage trust and lead to legal consequences. Regulatory Scrutiny and Antitrust Issues: Global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have disrupted supply chains, making it harder for Amazon to keep its warehouses stocked and fulfill orders quickly. These disruptions can lead to delays and higher costs. Environment Impact Cyber Sec. & Data Privacy Regulatory Scrutiny and Antitrust Issues Environmental Impact: As a massive e-commerce company, Amazon has a significant carbon footprint. Packaging waste and the environmental impact of its vast delivery network are major concerns. There is increasing pressure for Amazon to adopt more sustainable practices.

14. Cloud Services 14 Cloud Services: In the cloud computing sector, Amazon Web Services (AWS) faces stiff competition from Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, and other emerging cloud service providers. Market Competition Market Competition: Competitors like Walmart, Alibaba, and new entrants in various markets are continuously improving their logistics, customer service, and technological capabilities. Hence, Amazon needs to continually adapt and address these issues to maintain its position and reputation in the global market. Balancing growth with sustainability, ethical practices, and regulatory compliance will be crucial for Amazon’s continued success in an increasingly complex global landscape.

15. 15 Writer Characters Summary

16. 16 Writer Summary Guy De Maupassant(1850-1893) He was a French writer, who has written over 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse. Maupassant wrote famous short stories like The Necklace and Bel Amim He also wrote poetry and novels.

17. 17 Writer Characters Summary The main characters here in this story are two French soldiers named Luc Le Ganidec and Jean Kerderen. Both of them are quite good friends of each other. Among them, Jean Kerderen is a bit quiet and shy whereas Luc Le Ganidec is carefree and open-minded. They mostly spend their holidays together. Their friendship turns into jealousy and betrayal due to the entry of milkmaid. The entry of girl in their friendship brings unexpected and tragic result at the end. Jean loses his life at the end of the story.

18. 18 Writer Character Summary The story "Two Little Soldiers' is about a triangular love with a completely unexpected twist at the end. This story shows the compatibility of friendship and romantic love with change, discontent, conflict, betrayal and jealousy. The setting of the story takes place in Courbevcie, a town in the countryside of France. Although there is no fighting in the story, there is war going on. Two French Soldiers, Luc Le Ganidec and Jean Kerderen are two soldiers who habitually spend their free time on Sundays away from the barracks, out in the countryside. Their day off has taken on the character of a ritual. Every Sunday, they bring food for breakfast to the same spot in the woods and lie back to enjoy the food, wine, and sights of an area that reminds them of home.

19. 19 Writer Character Eventually, their habitual comes to include a bit of innocent ogling (eyeing) of a young village girl who brings her cow out to pasture (meadow) every week at the same time. Unfortunately, both the soldiers fall in love with the milkmaid. But Luc starts to see her more in private and Jean ends up killing himself from being heart broken, because his friend went behind his back. Guy de Maupassant is known for his very realistic style of writing. In most of his stories there is a war going on because of the time de Maupassant spent in the army. There is also a character in love because of de Maupassant's love for women. Homesickness; when soldiers are away from home for so long, they are going to feel home sick. One Sunday, however, the girl speaks to them on her way to the pasture, and when she returns later, she shares the cow's milk with them and leaves them with a promise to meet the following Sunday.

20. 20 Writer Character The next weekend, Jean suggests that they bring something for her. They settle on candy as an appropriate present, but when the girl arrives, both are too shy to tell her that they have brought something. Finally, Luc tells the girl of the treat, and Jean, who always carries the provisions, give the bonbons (candies) to her. As the weeks pass, the girl becomes the topic of conversation for these soldiers as they spend time at the barracks, and the three become fast friends. The girl begins to share their Sunday breakfast meal and appears to devote equal attention to the two recruits. Then, in an uncharacteristic move, Luc seeks leave on a Tuesday, and again the follow- ing Thursday. He borrows money from Jean on that day but offers no explanation for his behavior. Jean lends the money.

21. 21 Writer Character The following Sunday, when the girl appears with the cow, she immediately rushes up to Luc and they embrace ardently. Jean is hurt because he is left out and does not under- stand why the girl has suddenly turned all of her attention to Luc. Luc and the girl go off to care for the cow and disappear into the woods for a long time. Jean is stupefied (confused). When they return, the lovers kiss again, and the girl offers Jean a kind "Good evening" before going away. Neither soldier speaks of the incident, but as they return to their barracks they stop mo-mentarily on the bridge over the Seine. Jean leans over toward the water, farther than he should in Luc's judgment, then suddenly tumbles into the torrent. Luc can do nothing; he watches in anguish as his good friend drowns. The countryside and the milkmaid brought Luc and Jean together, but eventually they ended up leading to Jean's death.

22. THANK YOU

23. € Core Function of Amazon Strategic Planning: Amazon management sets long term goals and strategies such as: expanding into new markets, developing new products, investing in AI & cloud computing. Operational Planning : This includes planning for day to day operations such as: inventory management, customer service operations. 1 . PLANING 3 . STAFFING 2 . ORGANIZING Organizational Structure: Amazon maintains hierarchical structure to manage vast operations. Resources Allocation : Efficient allocation of resources including human resources, technology and capital to various projects. Recruitment & Hiring: Amazon invest heavily in attracting top talent across various fields, marketing technology and customer service. Training & development : Continuous training programs to develop employee skills and improve productivity. It development program focuses on leadership program to nurture future leaders. 4 . DIRECTING Leadership : Amazon's leadership led by its CEO plays a crucial role in steering the company towards its goal, effective vision, mission and strategic objectives to all level of organizations. Motivation : Implementing motivational strategies to keep employees engaged & productive. This includes competitive compensation, benefits and dynamic work environment. Performance Monitoring: Regular monitoring of performance metrics across different departments to ensure goals are being met. This includes financial performance, customer satisfaction. Quality control : Ensuring high standards of quality in products and service through various quality control mechanisms & feedback loops. 5. Controlling 1 2 3 5 4