prevalance of corona viruse in ibb city.

في محافظة اب عام 2022معدل انتشار فيروس كورونا

1. P REVALENCE OF SARS-COV-2 AN TIBODIES AND THE ASSOCIATED BIO MARKERS ALTERATIONS IN IBB GO VERNORATE P OPULATION SUPERVISOR: A.PROF.DR.RADWAN AL-HAMODY

2. DONE BY: ESMAEEL SHAHRAH – HUSSAIN NOORALDEEN MAJED ALEBRAHEEMY – ALAA ABU ALREJAL – SOMAIAH ALOTHMANI – ALAA ALNOZAILY – MOHAMMED ALKAMEL

3. I ntroduction

4. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (causing coronavirus disease-2019; COVID-19) has spread to most countries in the world. COVID-19 infection results in diverse clinical outcomes, ranging from no symptoms to critically severe pneumonia with extra pulmonary manifestations ( Li et al ., 2020 ). The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients would increase when complicated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and other underlying diseases( Zuin et al ., 2020 ).

5. It could lead to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and tumors, which are all associated with susceptibility or higher mortality of COVID-19 ( González-Muniesa et al ., 2017 ). Lipids are also an integral part of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the context of infections ( Wendel, Paul, & Heller, 2007 ). All lipid parameters are significantly deranged during acute infection ( Hsu et al ., 2010 ).

6. Obesity has been associated with a condition of chronic inflammation and decreased immune system, increasing the susceptibility of an individual to infections( de Heredia, Gómez-Martínez, & Marcos, 2012 ). Lipids play various roles in the viral invasion, as they may serve as direct and indirect viral receptors, fusion cofactors, and entry cofactors( Murillo, Vera-Estrella & Arias, 2015 ) .

7. J ustification

8. ? The exact role of covid-19 in these diseases is still the debate and subject of much discussion because it is always accompanied by other risk factors such as diet, dyslipidemia and obesity. However, still, there is a lack of information on the association of covid-19 with lipid profile for the Ibb governorate adult population.

9. O bjectives

10. To determine the association of Corona virus with gender. To determine the association of Corona virus with age groups. To assessment levels of the cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein(LDL-c), high density lipoprotein(HDL-c),calcium, hemoglobin, and uric acid with COVID-19 patients. To assessment of c-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor with covid-19 patients.

11. M ethodology

12. Study and Sample size : This study was a cross-sectional approved by University of Science and Technology in Ibb city, that involved 100 cases who didn’t take any vaccine of covid-19(from 1 October 2021 to 1 April 2022 ). Demographic data Gender Age Height Weight BMI Education level Vaccination corona virus Medication Oxygen Smoking Job Travel DM CRD Hypertension CKD CD Including Population aged 14- 65 years in which non-probability sampling. Excluding No one Hematological test Hb Biochemical test Cholesterol Triglyceride LDL HDL Calcium Uric acid Immunological test RF CRP COVID-19 Abs cassette Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS v.21 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL , USA) and P- value ≤ 0.05 was accepted as significant.

13. R esults

14. Table 2: prevalence of covid-19 in study population. Table 3: Prevalence of positive corona virus with gender.

15. Table 4: Prevalence of positive corona virus with age groups.

16. Table 5: Compression of lipid profiles levels in covid patient .

17. Table 11: Association of C-reactive protein and Rheumatoid factor in patient with covid-19

18. D iscussion

19. The first case of COVID-19 in Yemen was confirmed on 10 April 2020.( Noushad and Al- Saqqaf , 2021 ). Prevalence studies are commonly used to track the levels of immunity or presence of particular diseases within a population The overall prevalence rate of corona virus antibody among the 100 Yemeni populations in Ibb governorate was 67% positive to COVID-19 Abs. The present study show the prevalence of COVID-19 Abs higher in male than in female ( 53% ,47% ) respectively, due to varies factor such travel, long time out of the house and contact with peoples. Previous study was conducted in Saudi Arabia showed that 23.5% of the participants were seropositive for anti- IgG antibodies even though they had not been diagnosed with COVID-19 ( Mahallawi et al., 2022 )

20. Our study show the persons who had illiterate and primary education was more prevalence for COVID-19 than superior education may due to not wearing mask or washing the hands and using the sterilize agent, and also the positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was higher in age group between (14 – 25) when compared with other age group In Yemini population, the spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence has substantial causation, indicating the significance of preventive measures. These include age, weight, education level and jobs. Lipid profile alterations have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in relation to disease severity and mortality( Zinellu et al., 2021 ). In our study the serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol no study agreement with our result, that disagreement with several studies( Zinellu et al., 2021 ), and triglyceride were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients while HDL was significantly lower that results agreement with( Masana et al., 2021 ).

21. The role of lipids in biology, like backbones of the cell membrane, in cellular interconnection, membrane trafficking, energy resources, and heat insulation is well-known. They are also essential for viruses to cross the host cell membrane. Besides, it is known that viral infections alter lipid metabolism in favor of virus replication.( Abu-Farha et al., 2020 ). Our study showed the prevalence of anemia in positive COVID-19 Abs cases (19.4%) in female more than in male. The study of Pavia, Italy show the global prevalence of anemia was 61% and females had lower Hb concentrations than males (112±22 g/L vs 122±22 g/L) ( Bellmann-Weiler et al., 2020 ).

22. L imitations & R ecommendations

23. The study should be seen under many limitations. F irst, a retrospective cross-sectional study is limited to a single center at university of science and technology, IBB, and provides no information on a cause to effect relationship. S econdly, the sample size was small and only a limited number of hematological and biochemical markers are studied, limiting the findings' implications. These markers and clinical characteristics need further investigations and should be used for risk stratification in patients with COVID-19. !

24. T o characterize the prevalence and trend of COVID-19 over time, continuous monitoring and testing of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is recommended. G iven the timeline of this study, longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA, IgM, and IgG will persist for a longer time in patients with acute COVID-19 than in asymptomatic patients. !

25. C onclusion

26. T he seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was high among in Yemeni population and was higher among males. However, considering that almost half of this population remains susceptible, maintaining public health measures and encouraging access to immunization is critical in protecting these people. I n our study we noticed elevation on Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL and decrease in HDL levels in patients with positive COVID-19 antibody.

27. A cknowledgment

28. W e thank our families, the head of the department of Laboratories in University of Science and Technology of Ibb city Dr. Radwan Al Hamoudy, Dr. Moneer Mokabes, everyone who work and volunteers in this study, University of Science and Technology.

29. R eferences

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32. T hank You