Preventing noncommunicable diseases Branca Luxembourg by WHO/HQ .pdf
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Oct 07, 2024
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About This Presentation
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Size: 3.54 MB
Language: en
Added: Oct 07, 2024
Slides: 40 pages
Slide Content
Preventing noncommunicable diseases
with healthy diet and physical activity
Francesco Branca
Director
Department of Nutrition for Health and Development
WHO/HQ
Burden of disease attributable to
main risk factors (1990)
Source : Lancet, Sep 2015
Burden of disease attributable to
main risk factors (2013)
Source : Lancet, Sep 2015
11.3 M deaths
241.4 M DALYs
1.7 M deaths
176.9 M DALYs
4.4 M deaths
134 M DALYs
A healthydietaccordingto the WHO
•Breastfeedexclusively babies for the first
6 months and continuously breastfed until
two years and beyond
•Energyintake should balanceenergy
expenditure
•Keep total fatintake to less than 30% of
total energy intake, with a shift in fat
consumption away from saturated fatsto
unsaturated fats, and towards the
elimination of
industrial trans fats
•Limit intake of free sugarsto less than
10% (or even less than 5%) of total energy
intake
•Keep saltintake to less than 5 g per day
•Eat at least 400g (5 portions) of fruit and
vegetablea day
Source : WHO, 2014
2015 sugar guidelines
•WHO recommends reduced
intake of free sugars throughout
the lifecourse(strong
recommendation).
•In both adults and children, WHO
recommends that intake of free
sugars not exceed 10% of total
energy (strong recommendation).
•WHO suggests further reduction
to below 5% of total energy
(conditional recommendation).
Effects of reducing dietary sugars on
measures of body fatness in adults
Source : Te Morenga et al., 2012
Effects of
increasing
dietary
sugars on
measures of
body
fatness in
adults
Source : Te Morenga et al., 2012
Effects of reducing free sugars on
measures of body fatness in children
Source : Te Morenga et al., 2012
Association between free sugars intake and
measures of body fatness in children
Source : Te Morenga et al., 2012
2013 sodium guidelines
•WHO recommends a reduction in sodium
intake to reduce blood pressure and risk of
cardiovascular disease, stroke and
coronary heart disease in adults (strong
recommendation)
•WHO recommends a reduction to <2 g/day
sodium (5 g/day salt) in adults (strong
recommendation
•WHO recommends a reduction in sodium
intake to
control2 blood pressure in
children (strong recommendation). The
recommended maximum level of intake of
2 g/day sodium in adults should be
adjusted downward based on the energy
requirements of children relative to those
of adults
Estimates of effect of reduced sodium on
systolic and diastolic blood pressure in
adults overall and by subgroup
Aburtoet al., 2013
Effect of low fat
diet vs. usual fat
diet
Source : Hooper et al., 2012
≤ 5% Energy 5‐10% Energy 10‐15% Energy ≥ 15% Energy
10% reduction in
the prevalence of
overweight or
obesity in children
exposed to longer
durations of
breastfeeding
Source : WHO,2013
Physical Activity Recommendations 2010
Children and youth ‐aged 5‐17
•At least 60 minutesof moderate to
vigorous intensity physical activity daily
•> 60 minutes provide additional health
benefits
•Should:
–be mostly aerobic activity
–include vigorous intensity activities –including musclestrengthening and bonehealth
activities at least 3 times per week.
•At least 150 minutesof Moderate
intensity PA spread throughout the
week OR •at least 75 minutesof Vigorous PA
spread throughout the week OR
•an equivalent combinationof those
two
•> 300 minutes provide additional health
benefits
•Bouts of at least 10 minutes
.
Physical Activity Recommendations 2010
Adults aged 18‐64
•Same recommendations as for adults Specific recommendations:
•perform PA to enhance balance and
prevent falls on 3 or more days/ week.
•Muscle‐strengtheningactivities on 2 or
more days a week.
•be as physically active as their abilities
and conditions allow.
Physical Activity Recommendations 2010
Adults aged +65
WHO Global Status Report on
NCDs 2014 : obesity in men
WHO Global Status Report on
NCDs 2014 : obesity in women
Age‐standardized prevalence of
overweight in children <5 (2013)
Prevalence of insufficient physical
activity men 18 +(2010)
Prevalence of insufficient physical
activity in women 18 + (2010)
Prevalence of insufficient physical
activity in adults 18 + (2010)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
ITA
DNK
FRA
CHE
RUS
PRT
SWE
EST
GRC
NOR
ISR
ISL
LTU
DEU
BEL
TUR
MLT
NLD
HUN
ROM
SVN
LVA
POL
HRV
GBR
LUX
SVK
ESP
UKR
MKD
FIN
CZE
ARM
AUT
BGR
IRL
%
2010
Prevalence of insufficient physical activity
among adolescents in schools
Global Health Observatory Data Repository. Geneva: World Health Organization (http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.2463ADO?lang=en , accessed 1
May 2015). No data for ALB, AND, AZE, BLR, BIH, CYP, GEO, KAZ, KGZ, MNE, MDA, SMR, SRB, TJK, TKM, UZB
Mean sodium intake
in persons aged 20 + (2010)
0,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
14,0
16,0
18,0
20,0
TUR
HUN
HRV
MKD
CZE
BGR
SVN
PRT
ROU
SWE
EST
ESP
ITA
LUX
FRA
CHE
LTU
IRL
GBR
DNK
NOR
AUT
NLD
SVK
FIN
ISL
DEU
AND
LVA
BEL
ISR
POL
CYP
ALB
ARM
AZE
BLR
BIH
GEO
GRC
KAZ
KGZ
MLT
MCO
MNE
MDA
RUS
SMR
SRB
TJK
TKM
UKR
UZB
Grams
Country
WHO RECOMMENDATION ‐<5 grams
No data
Salt intake per person per day for adults in the WHO
European Region from individual country‐based
surveys, various years
Exclusive breastfeeding rates children <6M
in WHO Europe need improvement
2008‐2012
38
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
AND
EST
FRA
MCO
RUS
SMR
GBR
GRC
BGR
ITA
IRL
LUX
SVN
BEL
BLR
AUT
SWE
GEO
TKM
ISR
AZE
NOR
CYP
ROU
CHE
SRB
FIN
LVA
BIH
CZE
NLD
UKR
MNE
ISL
POL
DEU
MKD
TJK
UZB
LTU
ESP
SVK
KAZ
PRT
ARM
MLT
HUN
ALB
TUR
MDA
HRV
KGZ
DNK
Percentage
No data
Exclusive BF 6M –different national surveys
WHO provides upstream policy advice to set
national targets
6 global targets for nutrition
to be attained by 2025
‐40%
40% reduction in number of children
under‐5 who are stunted
‐30% 30% reduction in
low birth weight
≥ 50%
Increase the rate of
exclusive breastfeeding in
the first six months to at
least 50%
‐50% 50% reduction of
anaemia in
women
reproductive age
0%
No increase in childhood
overweight
<5%
Reduce and
maintain
childhood
wasting to less
than 5%
EURO member states achieving global targets around
nutrition & physical inactivity by 2025
(ad‐hoc selection)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Breastfeeding
Physical inactivity
Anaemia
Adult obesity
Childhood obesity
Stunting
Wasting
On track
off track
European Ministerial Conference on
Obesity (2006)
•Individuals alone are not responsible ‐
changing the social, economic and physical
environment
•Responsibility of government across
sectors
•Involvement of all stakeholders
•Portfolio of interventions designed to
change the social, economic and physical
environment
•Portfolio of policy tools (from legislation to
public/private partnerships)
•International coordination
•Special focus on children and on
disadvantaged socioeconomic population
groups
•Goal of curbing the epidemic and reversing
the trend by 2015.
Vienna Declaration on nutrition and NCD
EU Action Plan Childhood Obesity
European Food and Nutrition Action Plan
2015‐2020
1. Create healthy food and drink
environments
2. Promote the gains of a healthy
diet throughout life, especially
for the most vulnerable groups
3. Reinforce health systems to
promote healthy diets
4. Support surveillance, monitoring,
evaluation and research
5. Strengthen governance, alliances
and networks to ensure a health‐
in‐all‐policies approach
Physical activity strategy for the
WHO European Region 2016–2025
1. Providing leadership and
coordination
2. Supporting child and adolescent
development
3. Promoting physical activity for all
adults as part of daily life
4. Promoting physical activity among
older people
5. Monitoring, surveillance, tools,
enabling platforms, evaluation and
research
Increase investments
Enhance sustainable food systems
Eradicate hunger and prevent all forms of malnutrition
Raise the profile of nutrition
Strengthen human and institutional capacities
Strengthen and facilitate, contributions and action by all stakeholders
Ensure healthy diets throughout the life course
Create enabling environment for making informed choices
Implement the commitments
through the Framework for Action
Integrate vision and commitments into the post‐2015 agenda
Framework for Action
60 policy and programme options
•Sustainable food systems promoting healthy diets
•International trade and investment
•Nutrition education and information
•Social protection
•Health systems delivery of direct nutrition
interventions and health services to improve
nutrition
•Water, sanitation and hygiene
•Food safety