PREVENTION OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE.pptx

Prevention of substance used and abuse

1. PREVENTION OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE

2. DRUG are chemicals or substances that change the way our bodies work. Some are medicines that help people when doctors  prescribe  them. Many have no medical use or benefits . Any substances or chemicals which when taken into body either nasal, oral, transdermal or intravenous way have psychological[, emotional, and behavior effects on a person Drug Abuse Are drug commonly abused by users. In the Philippines the three drugs of abuse are shabu , marijuana and inhalants. Drug Dependence is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity in which the use of a drug takes on a high priority thereby creating a strong desire to take the substance

3. Drug Misuse Is the use of substance incoherent or inconsistent with the prescribe dosage or frequency of use. Drug abuse the use of a substance for non-medical purposes. Abuse leads to organ damage and liver damage, addiction and troubled behavioural patterns. Drug Tolerance Is the condition of the body to adapt to the effects of substances to the body thus requiring an even larger amount of the substance to experience the same physiological and mental effect experienced when taking the smaller dosage.

4. Drug Addiction Addiction is a disease that affects your brain and behavior. When you’re addicted to drugs, you can’t resist the urge to use them, no matter how much harm the drugs may cause. The earlier you get treatment for drug addiction, the more likely you are to avoid some of the more dire consequences of the disease. Drug addiction isn’t about just  heroin ,  cocaine , or other illegal drugs. You can get addicted to alcohol, nicotine, sleep and anti-anxiety medications, and other legal substances. You can also get addicted to prescription or illegally obtained narcotic pain medications, or opioids. This problem is at epidemic levels in the United States. In 2018, opioids played a role in two-thirds of all drug overdose deaths.

5. Addiction vs. Abuse and Tolerance Drug abuse is when you use legal or illegal substances in ways you shouldn’t. You might take more than the regular dose of pills or use someone else’s prescription. You may abuse drugs to feel good, ease stress, or avoid reality. But usually, you’re able to change your unhealthy habits or stop using altogether . Addiction is when you can’t stop. Not when it puts your health in danger. Not when it causes financial, emotional, and other problems for you or your loved ones. That urge to get and use drugs can fill up every minute of the day, even if you want to quit . Addiction also is different from physical dependence or tolerance. In cases of physical dependence, withdrawal symptoms happen when you suddenly stop a substance. Tolerance happens when a dose of a substance becomes less effective over time.

6. DRUG SCENARIO IN THE PHILIPPINES

7. Around 1.67 million or two out of one hundred Filipinos aged 10 to 69 are current users of drugs, according to the results of the 2019 National Household Survey on the Patterns and Trends of Drug Abuse, released by the Dangerous Drugs Board . The 2019 Drug Survey estimates the current user prevalence rate at 2.05 percent, significantly lower than the 2018 global estimates of 5.3 percent published in the World Drug Report 2020 . Noting the results of the 2019 Drug Survey and comparing it to the estimates of 4 Million Filipino drug users in 2016 based on anti-drug operations and intelligence data, it shows a clear significant decline which can be attributed to the success of the government’s anti-drug campaign and steadfast priority given by the government to create drug-free communities under the current administration .

8. The survey also gave light on the number of lifetime users. Based on the 5.8% lifetime user prevalence rate, about 4.73 million or six out of every 100 Filipinos aged 10-69 tried drugs at least once in their life . Results also indicate high public awareness and approval of the government’s anti-drug campaign. It showed that the directions and programs that the government has undertaken under the current administration have been proven effective as evidenced by the public’s acceptance of the government’s anti-drug campaign and the drop in the user prevalence rate . Based on the survey, it can be concluded that the government not only succeeded in flattening the user prevalence rate but has also reversed the trend

9. Trends in drug use Cannabis or marijuana (57%) was found to be the most commonly abused dangerous drug followed by methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu (35%). For lifetime users, the average age when most of them started trying drugs is 22 years old. Of the current users, on the other hand, most belong to the age group of 18-59 years old . Perception on drug use In terms of the general public’s awareness of dangerous drugs and substances, shabu was seen to be the most well-known at 47.9% followed by marijuana at 35%. When respondents were again asked about other dangerous drugs or substances that they may be aware of, they mentioned cocaine. Most of the respondents are also aware of the negative effects of drug use such as problems on health, separation from family, and damage on self-image.

10. Risky Behavior The survey also gave an insight to the connection of other risky behaviors such as smoking and drinking to drug use. It was found that those who started smoking at 15 years old and below have greater chances of becoming drug users than others. In the same way, those who started drinking at 18 years old and below are more likely to be drug users than others . Awareness of and Reception to the Government’s Anti-Drug Campaign About 65.8% of respondents are aware of the government’s campaign against drugs. Of those who are aware, 81.6% approves of the campaign. A high number of respondents also believe that the current drug situation under the present administration has slightly improved (34.7%) to greatly improved (45.5%).

11. RISK and PROTECTIVE FACTORS in the USE, MISUSE and ABUSE of DRUGS

12. PERSONAL (EARLY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR VS. SELF CONTROL) RISK FACTORS Use of drugs at an early age Risk taking behaviour Experimentation Poor social skills and interaction PROTECTIVE FACTORS Self-control behaviour Good reasoning skills Excellent social skills Positive interaction with people Sense od belonging

13. FAMILY (WEAK PARENTAL GUIDANCE VS. STRONG PARENTAL GUIDANCE RISK FACTORS History and patterns of drug use Attitudes toward drug use Poor parenting and child rearing Inconsistent family rules Poor family values Poor family ties PROTECTIVE FACTORS Good communication with people Positive family relationship Clear and consistent family rules Strong family values Positive expectation to child’s success in family, school, and community Reliance on family for emotional support

14. PEERS AND FRIENDS (SUBSTANCE ABUSE VS. ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE) RISK FACTORS Association with peers and friends known to use gateway drugs (cigarettes and alcohol) Preference to stay with peers and friends than with family PROTECTIVE FACTORS Association with peers and friends who do not use gateway drugs Formation of friendships Reliance on friends for emotional support Inviting friends at home to know the family

15. SCHOOL (AVAILABILITY of DRUG VS. STRONG ANTI-DRUG POLICIES) RISK FACTORS Poor academic performance Lack of commitment to studies Poor attendance in school Involvement in fight and conflicts PROTECTIVE FACTOR Good to excellent academic performance Joints extra-curricular activities and school organizations Shows interest in attending classes

16. COMMUNITY (POVERTY VS. STRONG COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIP RISK FACTORS Easy access to gateway drugs Poor community organization and neighbourhood relationship Poor implementation of community laws Negative attitudes which favour drug use PROTECTIVE FACTORS Strong community relationships Active and positive community programs, projects and activities for youth Positive attitude which combat drug use Strong community advocacy against drugs.

17. DRUG ABUSE/SUBSTANCE ABUSE Drug abuse are substance that once taken in more than the prescribed dosage create harmful effects on the well-being of an individual: Physically, Emotionally, and Psychologically. People are aware of the side effects to our body, but millions of people are still using and abusing these drugs and the users have been increasing day after day. This problem is very alarming especially to the teenagers and young adult under the age of 30.

18. Classification of Drug Abuse Drugs should be used judiciously and appropriately to prevent drug misuse and abuse. We also know for the fact that if we abuse and misuse any kind of drugs, it can still lead to addiction, legal offense, serious health problems, and even death. The three major drugs that are most commonly abused in the Philippines are methamphetamine hydrochloride or “ shabu ”, cannabis sativa or “marijuana”, and inhalants known as “solvent”

19. SIX CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS Gateway drugs cigarettes and alcohol are example of gateway drugs. They are legal drugs that a non-drug user might try, which can lead him/her to more dangerous drugs such as marijuana and shabu . Teenagers who engage in early smoking and early drinking have a higher chance of using and experimenting with dangerous drugs of abuse.

20. Depressant drugs which include alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizer slow down a person’s central nervous system (CNS). Doctors commonly prescribe depressant drugs to help certain persons to be less angry, less stressed or tensed. Depressant drugs relax muscles and nerves. These drugs also make patients feel sleepy and light headed.

21. Stimulant drugs include amphetamines which include shabu , caffeine, nicotine and cocaine. These drugs speed up a person's central nervous system. It has an opposite effect from depressant drugs. Stimulants make a person’s energy high. Negative effects of stimulants include depression and tiredness.

22. Narcotics are illicit drugs and dangerous if taken. It can relieve pain and induce sleepiness. These drugs are administered in moderation to patients with mental disorders and those in severe pain like cancer. Narcotic drugs include cocaine, heroin and marijuana.

23. Hallucinogens include lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocybin obtained from mushrooms and mescaline drugs which distorts reality and facts. It makes a user see, hear and feel things that don’t exist in the time being. The name hallucinogen came from the word hallucination which is to perceive illusions.

24. Inhalants are usually found in household chemical products and anesthetics. Examples of household products are acetone, rugby or solvent, ordinary and spray paint, cleaning fluids and air conditioner fluid (Freon). It is dangerous to young children which result to intoxication similar to alcohol. One difference is the foul smell of chemicals sniffed, inhaled or huffed by the user. Continuous use and abuse leads to delusions, brain damage, liver damage, coma and death.

25. Commonly Abused Drugs Alcohol Alcohol affects everyone differently. But if you drink too much and too often, your chance of an injury or accident goes up. Heavy drinking also can cause liver and other health problems or lead to a more serious alcohol disorder. If you’re a man and you drink more than four drinks on any day or more than 14 in a week, you’re drinking too much. For women, heavy drinking means more than three drinks in one day or more than seven drinks a week. Heroin This illegal drug is the natural version of man-made prescription opioid narcotics. Heroin gives you a rush of good feelings at first. But when it wears off, everything slows down. You’ll move and think more slowly, and you may have chills, nausea, and nervousness. You may feel a strong need to take more heroin to feel better

26. Cocaine This drug speeds up your whole body. When you use cocaine, you may talk, move, or think very fast. You may feel happy and full of energy. But your mood may then shift to anger. You may feel like someone is out to get you. It can cause you to do things that don’t make sense. It is also known as Blow , Bump, C, Candy, Charlie, Coke, Crack, Flake, Rock, Snow, Toot Marijuana is made from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. The main psychoactive (mind altering) chemical in marijuana is delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol , or THC It can make you feel silly and laugh for no reason. Or you may feel sleepy and forget things that just happened. Driving while high on pot is just as dangerous as drunk driving. And heavy marijuana use can leave some people “burned out” and not think or care about much

27. Methamphetamine is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. Also known as meth, blue, ice, and crystal, among many other terms, it takes the form of a white, odorless, bitter-tasting crystalline powder that easily dissolves in water or alcohol.

28. Signs of a Substance Use Problem When you first start taking a substance, you may think you can control how much you use. But over time, you may need more of the drug to get the same feeling or effect. For some people, that can lead beyond abuse to addiction. Signals that you may have a problem with substance abuse include if you: Lack interest in things you used to love Change your friends a lot Stop taking care of yourself Spend more time alone than you used to Eat more or less than normal Sleep at odd hours Have problems at work or with family Switch quickly from feeling good and bad

29. PERFORMANCE TASK My Craft on Drugs Poster making: Create a poster that showcasing the types of drugs/substance of abuse and its effects to individual, family, community and to the country.

30. Hallucination Marijuana Inhalant Canabis sativa Shabu Ice Blue Narcotics Crystal Stimulant Fill in the blanks: 1 . _____________ are found in ordinary household chemical products and anesthetics. 2. Marijuana is made from the hemp plant, ________________ ________________. 3. ____________ drugs have the opposite effect of depressants and make a person’s energy high. 4. The name hallucinogen came from the word ______________ which is to perceive illusions. 5. Cigarettes and alcohol are gateway drugs wherein non-drug user might try, which can lead him/her to more dangerous drugs such as and . 6. In medicine, _____________ drugs are administered in moderation to patients with mental disorders and those in severe pain like cancer. 7. Methamphetamine is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system and also known as meth, 8_____________,9. __________, and 10_________________.