Primary Health Care course presentation.pptx

This presentation is purposely design to teaches the public on the basis of primary Health Care.

1. GRAND GEDEH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE GARLOVILLE COMMUNITY, ZWEDRU, GRAND GEDEH COUNTY Course Title: Primary Health Care Course Code: PHC 205 Submitted to: Mr. John M. Kallon Submitted by: Group #2 Group Members Ebenezer Sowoe -------------------------- 01570 Jamelia Chea ------------------------------ 01491 Josephine Nyepan ------------------------ 01446 Tafree B. Tarn ----------------------------- 01713

2. Table of Contents Introduction ---------------------------------------------------- 3 Initial activities of primary health care in Liberia ------ 4 Objective of primary health care -------------------------- 5 Principle of Primary Health Care -------------------------- 6 Elements of primary health care -------------------------- 7 Components of Primary Health Care --------------------- 8 – 9 Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------10 Reference ------------------------------------------------------- 11

3. INTRODUCTION Primary health care is a whole-of-society approach to effectively organize and strengthen national health systems to bring services for health and wellbeing closer to communities. In this lesson we have discussed the major characteristics of Primary Health Care which enables the health systems to support a person’s health needs – from health promotion to disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, palliative care and more. This strategy also ensures that health care is delivered in a way that is centred on people’s needs and respects their preferences. Primary health care is widely regarded as the most inclusive, equitable and cost-effective way to achieve universal health coverage. It is also key to strengthening the resilience of health systems to prepare for, respond to and recover from shocks and crises.

4. INITIAL ACTIVITIES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN LIBERIA Building on over a decade of partnership and collaboration with the Government of Liberia (GOL), USAID. Liberia’s health program seeks to improve the health status of all Liberians, especially the most vulnerable: women, girls, newborns, children under age five ect . Primary health care (PHC), a holistic approach to health, was proposed at Alma-Ata in 1978 and has been the guiding principle for the health system rebuilding of Liberia, a post-conflict, low-income country. However, since its adoption, health care delivery and outcomes remain less than optimal.  Three major policy-related gaps were identified which was associated with the poor implementation of Primary Health Care in Liberia. 1. Thee lack of explicit inclusion of the community as an actor in the formulation of several of the policy documents. 2. The lack of timely revision of some policy documents. 3. Thee lack of an explicit PHC strategic approach in the implementation plans of multiple policy documents. The poor health outcomes in Liberia, therefore, are indicative of problems with PHC that go beyond implementation to the policy level.

5. OBJECTIVES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Improvement in the level of health care of the community Favorable population growth structure Reduction in the prevalence of preventable, communicable and other disease. Reduction in morbidity and mortality rates especially among infants and children. Extension of essential health services with priority given to the underserved sectors. Improvement in Basic Sanitation Development of the capability of the community aimed at self- reliance. Maximizing the contribution of the other sectors for the social and economic development of the community.

6. PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE 1 . 4A’s = ACCESSIBILITY, AVAILABILITY, AFFORDABILITY & ACCEPTABILITY, APPROPRIATENESS Of HEALTH SERVICES. The health services should be present where the supposed recipients are. They should make use of the available resources within the community, wherein the focus would be more on health promotion and prevention of illness. 2. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION This is considered the heart and soul of PHC People are the center, object and subject of development . Thus, the success of any undertaking that aims at serving the people is dependent on people’s participation at all levels of decision-making; planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating. Any undertaking must also be based on the people’s needs and problems. Part of the people’s participation is the partnership between the community and the agencies found in the community; social mobilization and decentralization. I n general, health work should start from where the people are and building on what they have. Example: Scheduling of Community Health Workers in the health center 3. DECENTRALIZATION This ensures empowerment and that empowerment can only be facilitated if the administrative structure provides local level political structures with more substantive responsibilities for development initiators. This also facilities proper allocation of budgetary resources and availability of Health services at the county, District and community level.

7. ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE 1 .  Education for Health Is one of the potent methodologies for information dissemination. It promotes the partnership of both the family members and health workers in the promotion of health as well as prevention of illness. 2.  Locally Endemic Disease Control The control of endemic disease focuses on the prevention of its occurrence to reduce morbidity rate. Example Malaria Control and Diarrhea Control 3.  Expanded Program on Immunization This program exists to control the occurrence of preventable illnesses especially of children below 6 years old. Immunizations on measles, tetanus, and other preventable disease are given for free by the government and ongoing program of the CHT. 4.  Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning The mother and child are the most delicate members of the community. So the protection of the mother and child to illness and other risks would ensure good health for the community. The goal of Family Planning includes spacing of children and responsible parenthood 5 . Environmental Sanitation and Promotion of Safe Water Supply Environmental Sanitation is defined as the study of all factors in the man’s environment, which exercise or may exercise deleterious effect on his well-being and survival. Water is a basic need for life and one factor in man’s environment. Water is necessary for the maintenance of healthy lifestyle. Safe Water and Sanitation is necessary for basic promotion of health.

8. COMPONENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE I n 1978, th e World Health h Organization (WHO) adopted what came to be known as the Declaration of Alma-Ata 12. The declaration outlined WHO’s stance, objectives, and plans towards achieving health care for all people in the world. The declaration defined the components of primary health care in a bid to enhance global health care. These Components include: 1. Health education The journey to achieving healthcare provision for everyone begins with the creation of awareness amongst the public. Through  education , the public is made aware of the existing diseases and health challenges, ways to prevent them, and steps to take in case one falls ill. Once the population is well educated on matters of health, they can participate better in the prevention and control of diseases. 2. Immunization effective immunization programs are crucial for the achievement of primary health care. Immunization is the primary means through which the spread of most infectious diseases is minimized. Some infections such as polio, yellow fever, and diphtheria have pretty much been controlled through immunization

9. 3. Provision of essential medicines Primary healthcare cannot be provided if the necessary medicines are unavailable in health centres . These medicines are essential for the treatment of common ailments and diseases. Healthcare workers can only do their jobs effectively if the facilities they work in are equipped with these essential medicines. 4. Water and Sanitation Gastrointestinal diseases such as cholera, typhoid and diarrhea are extremely common in communities with poor access to usable and drinkable water. The concept of primary health care aims to equip communities with the necessary knowledge, tools, and funds to access clean water. 5. Proper Food and Nutrition One of the pillars on which primary healthcare is based is proper food and nutrition. By ensuring that communities have access to nutritious food, authorities can do away with a wide range of diseases that often plague societies. Diseases such as marasmus and kwashiorkor are easily preventable through proper nutrition.

10. CONCLUSION Ess ential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them, through their full participation and at cost that the community can afford at every stage of development. Elevating Health to a Comprehensive and Sustained National Effort. Attaining proper Health for all will require expanding participation in health and health related programs whether as service provider or beneficiary. Empowerment to parents, families and communities to make decisions of their health is really the desired outcome. Advocacy must be directed to National and Local policy making to elicit support and commitment to major health concerns through legislations, budgetary and logistical considerations

11. References World Health Organization (WHO).  World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines ; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2019. [ Google Scholar ] World Health Organization (WHO).  WHO|Health Policy ; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2013. [ Google Scholar ] Downie , R.  The Road to Recovery, Rebuilding Liberia’s Health System ; Center for Strategic & International Studies: Washington, DC, USA, 2012. [ Google Scholar ] Global Nutrition Report.  2018 Nutrition Country Profile ; Global Nutrition Report: Monrovia, Liberia, 2018. [ Google Scholar ] WWW.legit.ng