Primary hyperparathyroidism

Basic knowledge of primary hyperparathyrodism

1. Primary hyperparathyroidism By : Syed Mohammad Arish ayub

2. Parathyroid gland Parathyroid glands are four small glands located on the back of the thyroid gland below the Adam’s apple. Parathyroid glands control the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in the body.

3. PTH also reduces the amount of calcium lost in urine Sometimes, one or more of the glands becomes enlarged then it produces too much PTH.

4. Too much PTH leads to too much calcium in the blood. This condition is called  hypercalcemia Lead to frequent urination stomach problems confusion fatigue

5. Elevated PTH Elevated blood Calcium Elevated alkaline Phosphatase Low levels of Phosphorus

6. Causes Adenoma An adenoma is a noncancerous tumor on one of these glands. These tumors are the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid gland enlargement In other cases, enlargement of at least two of the parathyroid glands can lead to hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid cancer Parathyroid cancer may cause enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands. These tumors can cause hyperparathyroidism.

7. symptoms Muscle weakness Lethargy Fatigue Pain in muscles Depression

8. If the condition is more severe, then it leads to: kidney stones abdominal, or stomach, pain nausea and vomiting confusion impaired memory constipation bone thinning and fractures coma  (in rare cases)

9. Diagnosis Primary hyperparathyroidism is generally diagnosed through blood tests. Signs of this condition include: elevated PTH elevated blood calcium elevated alkaline phosphatase low levels of phosphorus X-ray

10. Treatment surgery is the most common treatment Medications: Bisphosphonates, such as Alendronate (Fosamax), help decrease bone turnover. Cinacalcet (Sensipar) helps normalize calcium levels in the blood. Estrogen therapy may be prescribed for postmenopausal women.

11. Thank you