Principal and importance of ECG in disease diagnosis

This PowerPoint presentation offers an extensive overview of Electrocardiogram (ECG) fundamentals, interpretation techniques, and clinical applications.

1. TOPIC: PRINCIPLE AND IMPORTANCE OF ECG IN DISEASE DIAGONISIS NAME:MOHD YAQOOB LONE ENEROLLEMENT NO:2016cukmr21 SEMESTER: 7 th TEACHER IN-CHARGE:DR OWAIS BHAT DEPARTMENT: BIOTECHNONLGY

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLE IMPORTANCE IN DISEASE DIAGNOSIS

3. INTRODUCTION ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) refers to the recording of electrical changes that occurs in heart during a cardiac cycle. It may be abbreviated as ECG or EKG.

4. PRINCIPLE .It works on the principle that a contracting muscle generates a small electric current that can be detected and measured through electrodes suitably placed on body.

5. Con… This record or graphical registration of electrical activity of heart is called an electrocardiogram. . The conductivity of heart normally follows an electrical pathway from SA node through the interatrial pathway to the AV node to the Bundle of His down the bundle branches to the Purkinje fibers

6. ECG Lead Placement

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8. NORMAL ECG WAVE .A normal ECG makes a specific pattern of three recognizable waves in a cardiac cycle. .P wave .QRS wave .T wave

9. P-wave . It is a small upward wave that appears first. . It represents atrial depolarisation. PR interval . The PR interval begins at the start of the P wave and ends at the beginning of the Q wave. . It represents the time for electrical activity to move between the atria and the ventricles.

10. QRS wave . The QRS wave represents the depolarisation of the ventricles. . It appears as three closely related waves on the ECG (the Q, R and S wave). ST Segment . The ST segment starts at the end of the S wave and ends at the beginning of the T wave. . The ST segment is an isoelectric line representing the time between depolarisation and repolarisation of the ventricles (i.e. ventricular contraction).

11. T-wave . It indicates ventricular repolarization (diastole) . **ATRIAL DIASTOLE MERGES WITH QRS-WAVE QT interval . The QT interval begins at the start of the QRS complex and finishes at the end of the T wave. . It represents the time taken for the ventricles to depolarise and then repolarise.

12. Importance of ECG in disease diagnosis Detecting Arrhythmias : . Different types of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, can be detected through specific patterns on the ECG . Ischemia and Myocardial Infarction Detection: . ECG is vital in diagnosing ischemic heart conditions by detecting changes in the ST segment. ST-segment elevation or depression can indicate myocardial infarction (heart attack), guiding immediate intervention.

13. Screening for Other Conditions: . ECG findings can sometimes suggest non-cardiac issues, such as electrolyte imbalances or pulmonary embolism, contributing to a broader diagnostic approach. Guiding Treatment Decisions: . The information obtained from ECG plays a crucial role in guiding treatment decisions for cardiac conditions. It helps determine whether medication, lifestyle changes, or invasive interventions are necessary.

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