Principal of Communication SKILLS prep.pptx

for student

1. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS Dr. Alishbah Saeed MBBS,MHPE ( Scholar )

2. What are the most common ways we communicate? Spoken Word Written Word Visual Images Body Language

3. Hearing Seeing Smell Touch Taste Communication is a Series of Experiences of

4. OVERVIEW Communication and its types Importance of communication

5. TOTAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS

6. Activity

7. Types OF COMMUNICATION VERBAL - Oral -written NON-VERBAL SYMBOLIC

8. Communication - Meaning Communication is a dynamic process… through this process we convey a thought or feeling to someone else and having them understood how it is received depends on a set of events, stimuli, that person is exposed to. how you say what you say plays an important role in communication.

9. Principles of Communication

10. Flow of communication Upward From subordinates to superior Downward From superiors to the subordinates Lateral in between colleagues, family members

11. Downwards Communication : Highly Directive, from Senior to subordinates , to assign duties, give instructions, to inform to offer feed back , approval to highlight problems etc. Flow of Communication

12. Upwards Communications : It is non directive in nature from down below, to give feedback, to inform about progress/problems, seeking approvals.

13. Lateral or Horizontal Communication : Among colleagues, peers at same level for information sharing, for coordination, to save time.

14. 28 April 2023 14 70 % of our communication efforts are: misunderstood misinterpreted rejected distorted or not heard 70%

15. Nonverbal Communication Facial Expressions Eye Movements Placement and Movements of Hands, Arms, Head, and Legs Body Posture and Orientation Proxemics- non-verbal/ body language Variation in Voice Characteristics Speaking Rate and Pause Duration Pitch or Frequency Intensity and Loudness Face Posture Feet Legs Arms Hands Head

16. Types Of Non-verbal Communication 1) Body Posture / position 2) Eye contact Facial expressions Proximity /Personal Space Gestures Para Language Silence

17. TYPES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Body Position ( KINESICS )

18. Non-verbal communication Posture and Body Orientation You communicate numerous messages by the way you walk, talk, stand and sit.

19. Standing erect, but not rigid, and leaning slightly forward communicates others that you are approachable, receptive and friendly.

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22. Attending posture Nonverbal skill = SOLER S= squarely face person O= use open posture L= lean toward the person E= use eye contact R= relax, keep it natural

23. Speaking with your back turned or looking at the floor or ceiling should be avoided; it communicates disinterest

24. Non-verbal communication 2- Eye Contact The eyes are most expressive and direct part of our body.

25. Different type s of e ye contacts/ expressions

26. Different Types of Eye contacts/expressions Direct e ye contact Confidence , Love , rage,

27. Different Types of Eye contacts/expressions Looking downwards listening respectfully

28. Different Types of Eye contacts/expressions Single eyebrow raised Doubt , Sus p ec tism

29. Different Types of Eye contacts/expressions Both eyebrows raised Admiring, E ncouragement Surprise

30. Different Types of Eye contacts/expressions Bent eyebrows : Sudden focus I nte n sity D isgust

31. Different Types of Eye contacts/expressions Tears E motional - joy or pain

32. Non-verbal communication 3- Facial Expression

33. Different Types of Eye contacts/expressions Smile co nstitutes the largest part of facial expression Smiling is a powerful cue that transmits: Happiness Friendliness Warmth Liking Affiliation

34. Non-verbal communication 4- Gestures

35. Head nods , a form of gestures, communicate positive reinforcement to listener and indicate that you are listening.

36. Non-verbal communication 5- Proximty Cultural norms dictate a comfortable distance for interaction with others You should look for signals of discomfort caused by invading others space Some of these are: r ocking l eg swinging t apping g aze aversion sitting back clasping hands behind head

37. Personal Distance Public Zone: >12 feet Social Zone: 4 - 12 feet Personal Zone: 2-4 feet Intimate Zone: 0-2 feet Me You

38. Non-verbal communication 6- Paralinguistic Vocal elements , such as: Tone Pitch Rhythm Loudness

39. Non-verbal communication 7- Silence Silence is the training ground for the art of listening." Linda Douty ,

40. "Remember that silence is sometimes the best answer."   - Dalai Lama  

41. SOFTEN S mile at the person who is talking O pen posture and face the person who is speaking to you F orward lean slightly towards the speaker T ime should be allowed to talk without interruptions E ye contact should be made without staring N od occasionally to show acknowledgement

42. Barriers in Communication ( that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR )

43. Barriers in Communication Disagreement between verbal and non-verbal messages Negative Self Image Lack of Feedback Lack of Motivation and Training Language and Vocabulary Level Lack of Self Awareness

44. External Barriers in Communication Environment The venue The effect of noise Temperature in the room Other People – Status, Education Time

45. Finally... some body Facts You have over 630 muscles in your body. It takes the interaction of 72 different muscles to produce human speech . The strongest muscle in your body is your tongue. use it effectively

46. 28 April 2023 57 UNIQUENESS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION SKILLS " YOUR SPEECH REVEALS YOUR CHARACTER " SPEECH IS A MIRROR OF THE SOUL

47. LISTENING 58

48. People want to be heard, want to be taken seriously, want to be understood. " Effective communications starts with listening." --Robert Gately

49. Hearing Vs Listening Hearing – Physical process, natural, passive Listening – Physical as well as mental process, active, learned process

50. Activity

51. DEFINITION OF LISTENING T he process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages; to hear something with thoughtful attention

52. Importance of Listening "There is none so blind as those who will not listen." (William Slater)

53. Activity

54. Active listening

55. What is Active Listening?? Active listening involves both linguistic and paralinguistic aspect of speech that is how the person is feeling beyond words

56. HOW TO LISTEN PROPERLY R – Responding to the content (the subject matter of what is being said) A – Acknowledging the feelings underlying what is said S – Showing you understand and accept what is said E – Encouraging further disclosure 67

57. The Ten Commandments of Listening Stop talking Put talker at ease Show talker you want to listen Remove distractions Empathize with talker Be patient Hold your temper Go easy on argument and criticism Ask questions Stop talking

58. CRITICIZING WITHOUT OFFENDING 69

59. THE 7-MUSTS FOR SUCCESSFUL CRITICISM Criticism must be made in absolute privacy Preface criticism with a kind work or compliment Make the criticism impersonal. Criticize the act, not the person Supply the answer Ask for cooperation; don’t demand it One criticism to an offense Finish in a friendly fashion 70