PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT - MANAGEMENT COURSES

This presentation covers the fundamental principles of management that serve as guidelines for managerial actions and decision-making within organizations. It delves into key principles such as Division of Work, Authority and Responsibility, Discipline, Unity of Command, Unity of Direction, and more. These principles are essential for maintaining order, improving efficiency, and achieving organizational goals by providing a structured approach to managing people and resources effectively.

2. PrinciplesofManagementareguidelines
forthedecisionsandactionsofmanagers.
Theseprinciples,primarilyformulatedby
HenriFayol,formthefoundationof
modernmanagementpractices.
Theyarederivedfromtheexperiencesof
expertsandaimtoimprovetheefficiency
andeffectivenessofmanagement.

3. FatherOfModernManagementTheory
Hedevelopedageneraltheoryofbusiness
administrationthatisoftencalled
Fayolism.
Fayolproposed14principlesthathe
believedwereessentialforeffective
management
Heintroducedageneraltheorythatcanbe
appliedtoalllevelsofmanagementandon
everydepartment

4. Here are Fayol's14 principles:
1.Division of Work
2.Authority and Responsibility
3.Discipline
4.Unity of Command
5.Unity of Direction
6.Subordination of Individual Interests to the
General Interest
7.Remuneration
8.Centralization
9.Scalar Chain
10.Order
11.Equity
12.Stability of Tenure of Personnel
13.Initiative
14.Esprit de Corps

5. Bydividingworkintosmaller,specifictasks,
employeescandevelopexpertiseand
becomemoreproficientintheirassigned
roles.
ByimplementingtheDivisionofWork
principle,organizationscanstreamline
operations,enhance employee
performance,andachievehigherlevelsof
output.
Thisprincipleisevidentinmanymodern
organizationalstructures,from
manufacturingtoserviceindustries.
1.Division of Work

6. Authorityisthepowerdelegatedby
seniorexecutivestoassigndutiestoall
employeesforbetterfunctioning.
Responsibilityisthecommitmentto
fulfillataskgivenbyanexecutive.
Thisprinciplestatesthatauthorityand
responsibilityshouldbebalancedto
achieveorganizationalgoals.
2.Authority and Responsibility:

7. Thisprinciplestatesthatdisciplineisrequired
foranyorganizationtoruneffectively.
Itemphasizestheimportanceofmaintaining
order,respect,andadherencetorulesand
regulationswithinanorganization.
Thereshouldbeasetoforganizationalrules,
philosophies,andstructuresinplacethat
shouldbemetbyeveryone.
Disciplineisessentialforbuildingacultureof
accountability,productivity,andmutual
respectwithintheworkplace.
3.Discipline:

8. ThisPrincipleassertsthateachemployee
shouldreceiveordersfromonlyone
superior.
Thisprincipleisdesignedtoprevent
confusion,conflict,andinefficiencywithin
anorganization
ByadheringtotheUnityofCommand
principle,organizationscanensurethat
employeeshaveclearinstructions,know
theirresponsibilities,andunderstandto
whomtheyareaccountable.
Thisprinciplehelpsincreatingastructured
andefficientworkenvironment,leadingto
improvedorganizationaleffectivenessand
employeesatisfaction.
4.Unity of Command:

9. 5.Unity of Direction
Thisprinciplestaesthatstatesthatgroups
withinacompanywiththesameobjectives
shouldhaveoneleaderandoneplan.
ByimplementingtheUnityofDirection
principle,organizationscanensurethat
everyoneandeverydepartmentisworking
towardsacommongoal
Thisprinciplehelpsincreatingacohesiveand
focusedworkenvironment,leadingto
enhancedorganizationalperformanceand
success.

10. ThisPrinciplethatstatesthattheintersetof
onepersonshouldnottakeprorityoverthe
interestofteorganisationasawhole.
Thisprincipleisimportantbecauseitensures
thateveryoneintheorganizationisworking
towardsthesamegoals,helpscreateasense
ofunity,andpromotesasharedsenseof
purpose.
Example:
Supposeanemployeewantstotakeadayoff
toattendafamilyevent,buttheirmanager
requiresthemtoworkthatdaybecauseofa
deadline.Insuchascenario,theemployee's
interestwouldhavetobesubordinatedtothe
organization'sinterests.
.
6.Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest

11. ThisPrinciplestatesthatemployeesshould
bepaidfaircompensationfortheirwork.
Thiscompensationshouldbebothfairand
satisfactorytoboththeemployeesandthe
organization,andshouldincludeboth
financialandnon-financialincentives.
organizationsmusthavearemuneration
policytoensureemployeesreceivefair
compensationfortheworktheyperform.
7. Remuneration

12. 8. Centralization
Centralizationisamanagementprinciplethat
involvesconcentratingpoweranddecision-
makingauthorityatthetoplevelofan
organization
Itfollowsatop-bottomapproachto
management
Inacentralizedorganization,executivesmake
decisionsandplans,andtheninstructlower
levelsofmanagementonhowtoimplement
them.
Lowerlevelmanagershavealimitedrolein
decision-makingandareprimarilyresponsible
forexecutingordersfromthetop.

13. Scalarchainistheformallineofauthority
whichmovesfromhighesttolowestrank
inastraightline.
Thischainspecifiestheroutethrough
whichtheinformationistobe
communicated tothedesired
location/person.
InthisPicture,Aisthetopauthorityandif
AwantstocommunicatetoG,thiswaythe
communicatewilltakeplace.
9.Scalar Chain

14. Theworkplaceshouldbeorderlyand
materialsshouldbeintherightplaceat
therighttime.
ThisPrincipleisconcernedwithsystematic
arrangementofmen,machine,materialetc.
Thereshouldbespecificplaceforevery
employeeinanorganisation.
10. Order

15. 11. Equity
AllEmployeesshouldbetreatedequally
andimpartially
Thereshouldbenodiscrimination
againstanyoneonaccountof
sex,religion,language,casteetc.

16. 12.Stability of Tenure of Personnel
AccordingtoFayol,Timeisrequiredforan
employeetogetusedtoanewworkand
succeedindoingitwellbutifheisremoved
beforethat,hewillnotbeabletorender
worthwhileservices.
Asaresult,thetime,effortandmoneyspenton
trainingtheworkerwillgowaste.
Employeesworkbetterifjobsecurityand
careerprogressareassuredtothem.
Stabilityofjobcreatesteamspiritandasense
ofbelongingnessamongworkerswhich
ultimatelyincreasethequalityaswellas
quantityofwork.

17. 13.Initiative
Employeesshouldbeencouragedtotake
initiativewithintheorganization.
Employeeneedtobemotivatedtoput
forwardtheirideasorsuggestionsand
executethem.
Managersshouldtakestepstoencourage
employeeinitiative.

18. 14.Esprit de Corps
EspritdeCorpsmeans“TeamSpirit”
i.e.harmonyintheworkgroupandmutual
understandingamongtheworkers.
Promotingteamspiritwillbuildharmony
andunitywithintheorganization.
Agroupofworkersworkingcollectivelyin
harmonyandwithmutualcooperation
leadstotheachievementofgoals
efficiently.

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