PRISMA Checklist and Flow diagram for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis

The PRISMA Checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) is a structured set of guidelines designed to help authors transparently report systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It ensures that studies are reported in a clear, complete, and reproducible manner .
The most recent version, PRISMA 2020, includes a 27-item checklist and a flow diagram

1. Understanding the PRISMA Checklist for Systematic Reviews

2. What is PRISMA ? PRISMA stands for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. It’s a standardized Checklist and Flow diagram used to improve the transparency, quality, and reproducibility of systematic reviews Originally published in 2009 and updated in 2020 . The Goal of PRISMA is to Ensure comprehensive and clear reporting of systematic reviews.

3. Importance of PRISMA ? Enhances clarity and transparency in research . Helps reviewers avoid bias. Facilitates peer review , replication, and evidence synthesis. Increases credibility and acceptance of the work in the scientific community..

4. PRISMA Checklist PRISMA Flow Diagram VS https://www.prisma-statement.org/prisma-2020-flow-diagram https://www.prisma-statement.org/prisma-2020-checklist

5. PRISMA Checklist (27 items ) TITLE (1 item) Identify the report as a systematic review/meta-analysis.

6. PRISMA Checklist (27 items ) cont … Abstract (1 item) Use a structured summary format. See the PRISMA 2020 for Abstracts checklist

7. PRISMA Checklist (27 items ) cont … INTRODUCTION (2 items) Rationale : Describe the rationale for the review in the context of existing knowledge (Why was the review done?) Objectives : Provide an explicit statement of the objective(s) or question(s) the review addresses (What question does it address?)

8. PRISMA Checklist (27 items ) cont … METHODS (12 items) Eligibility criteria Information sources Search strategy Selection process Data collection Data items Risk of bias assessment Effect measures Synthesis methods Reporting bias assessment Certainty assessment (Optional tools, protocols, registration

9. PRISMA Checklist (27 items ) cont … RESULTS (17 items) Study selection (include PRISMA flow diagram ) Study characteristics Risk of bias in studies Results of individual studies Results of syntheses Reporting biases Certainty of evidence

10. PRISMA Checklist (27 items ) cont … DISCUSSION (3 items) Summary of evidence Discuss any limitations of the evidence included in the review or the review processes used. Conclusions

11. PRISMA Checklist (27 items ) cont … Other information (1 items) Funding conflicts of interest Registration and protocol

12. PRISMA Flow Diagram The PRISMA Flow Diagram visually represents the process of study selection in a systematic review. Helps readers understand how many studies were found, screened, excluded, and finally included. Provides transparency in how decisions were made. https://www.prisma-statement.org/prisma-2020-flow-diagram

13. Sections PRISMA Flow Diagram (4) Cont.. : 1- Identification Records identified through database searching Additional records identified through other sources (e.g., manual search, grey literature)

14. Sections PRISMA Flow Diagram (4) Cont.. : 2- Screening Total records after duplicates removed Records screened (based on titles/abstracts) Records excluded (not meeting criteria

15. Sections PRISMA Flow Diagram (4) Cont.. : 3- Eligibility Full-text articles assessed for eligibility Full-text articles excluded , with reasons (e.g., wrong study design, not relevant)

16. Sections PRISMA Flow Diagram (4) Cont.. : 4- Included Studies included in: Qualitative synthesis Quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis)

17. This presentation generated by : Ammar Ibrahim