PRO-& OPER MGT UNIT V.pptklk58427ghfewtrx

PRO-& OPER MGT UNIT V.pptx

1. ANNA UNIVERSITY MBA-AC TECH PRODUCTIONS AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT UNIT-V

2. UNIT V PROJECT AND FACILITY PLANNING - UNIT V PROJECT AND FACILITY PLANNING - Project Management – Scheduling Techniques, PERT, CPM, Crashing CPM networks – Simple Problems. Facility Location – Theories, Steps in Selection, Location Models – Simple Problems. Facility Layout – Principles, Types, Planning tools and techniques.  

3. PROJECT • A project is a group of unique, interrelated activities that are planned and executed ina certain sequence to create a unique product/ service, within a specific time frame, budget • According to the project management Institute’s (PMI) publication, “A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge , a project is defined as, “ a temporary undertaken to create a unique product or service .” • According to the British Standard, a project is define as, “ a unique set of co-ordinated activities , with definite starting and finishing and technical performance goals.”

4. OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT  Time  Cost  Safety  Quality Performance

5. CLASSIFICATION OF PROJECT National and International Projects Industrial and Non-industrial Projects Projects Based on Level Technology Projects Based on Size Projects Based On Ownership Infrastructure Projects Need Based Projects

6. PROJECT MANAGEMENT According to the project management Institute’s (PMI), “ Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activites to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations. • Elements of Project Management: 1. Identification of the project. 2. Technical and financial appraisal of the project. 3. Proper formulation of project. 4. Actual implementation of the project. 5. Feedback and revision of objectives. 6. Policy restrictions. 7. Government regulation. 8. Manage staff. 9. Manage client relationship 10. Evaluation at the end of the project

7. PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES • Project scheduling is the process identifying and organizing the tasks of a project into a sequence of events ensuring a harmonious completion of the venture. • Project scheduling enables the project manager to identify risk points, understand the proper linkage of events, assist in resource planning, and allows the project manager to establish goals for the team and the project. • The Gantt chart technique is applied for highly repetitive production operations, where work performance of various departments can be combined on a single chart. • PERT/Networking and the Critical Path Method (CPM) is designed for scheduling activities in the development phases, both identifying the critical path, float and slack.

8. GANTT CHART A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project . Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project.

9. Continue…… A Gantt chart is a project management tool that illustrates work completed over a period of time in relation to the time planned for the work.

10. GANTT CHART

11. Generalized Activity Normalization Time Table  (GANTT) chart is type of chart in which series of horizontal lines are present that show the amount of work done or production completed in given period of time in relation to amount planned for those projects .

12. WHAT IS GANTT CHART AND EXAMPLES ? A Gantt chart is a visualization that helps in scheduling, managing, and monitoring specific tasks and resources in a project. It consists of a list of tasks and bars depicting each task's progress. It's the most widely used chart in project management.

13. THE ADVANTAGES OF GANTT CHARTS Top 11 benefits that Gantt charts offer: Know what's going on in your projects. Improved communication and team cohesion. Avoid resource overload. Measure the progress of projects. See overlapping activities and task dependencies. Experience more clarity. Practice better time management.

14. PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is an important tool used in project management. It is used to identify task dependencies and critical paths, plan resources, estimate task duration, and identify potential risks. It also helps to define and sequence activities, coordinate resources, and track progress .

15. PERT WITH EXAMPLE PERT stands for program evaluation and review technique . It provides a visual representation of a project's timeline and breaks down individual tasks. These charts are similar to Gantt charts, but structured differently . This diagram consists of a few steps to get you from a project start date to end date.

16. THE STEPS IN PERT Steps in the PERT Planning Process Identify the specific activities and milestones. Determine the proper sequence of the activities. Construct a network diagram. Estimate the time required for each activity. Determine the critical path. Update the PERT chart as the project progresses.

17. CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM The critical path method, or critical path analysis, is an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities. A critical path is determined by identifying the longest stretch of dependent activities and measuring the time required to complete them from start to finish .

18. CRITICAL PATH METHOD WITH EXAMPLE The Critical Path Method (CPM) is a vital project management tool that represents the most extended sequence of tasks that must be accomplished to ensure the completion of the entire project. You can determine the critical path by measuring the longest sequence of dependent activities from start to end.

19. FACILITY / PLANT LOCATION • Facility / Plant Location may be understood as the function of determining where the plant should be located for maximum operating economy and effectiveness. The locations where firm set up their operations is simply called as plant location. • According to Prof. R.C. Davis, “The function of determining where the plant should be located for maximum operating economy and effectiveness.” • “Plant location stands for that spot where in consideration of business as a whole, the total cost of production and delivering goods to all the consumers is the lowest .”

20. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF PLANT LOCATION? Types of Plant Layout: Product layout or line processing layout or flow-line layout. Process layout or functional layout or job shop layout. Fixed position layout or static layout. Cellular manufacturing (CM) layout or Group Technology layout. Combination layout or Hybrid layout or Mixed layout. Service Facility Layout.

21. THE ADVANTAGES OF PLANT LOCATION The advantages of urban plant location - Exceptional transport facilities for the free movement of raw materials. Increased availability of skilled labourers . Good municipal facilities, such as fire fighting, waste management, police protection, and drainage, among others. Availability of banking and capital facilities.

22. FACILITY / PLANT LAYOUT • Layout depends on the process structure employed and the technology used. A good layout ensures flow of work, materials, persons and information . • Facility Layout refers to the placement of departments, workgroups within departments , workstations, machines and stock holding points within a production facility . • According to Shubin , “Plant layout is the arrangement and location of production machinery , work centers and auxiliary facilities and activities (Expectation, handling of material storage and shipping) for the purpose achieving efficiency in manufacturing products or supplying consumer services

23. OBJECTIVES OF GOOD LAYOUT 1 . Integrate the production Centre 2. Reduce material Handling 3. Effective Utilization of available space 4. Worker Convenience and job satisfaction 5. Flexibility 6. Quick Disposal of work 7. Avoids Industrial Accidents