Processing and Extraction of Oilseeds ( Mustard & Sunflower)

THIS TOPIC IS COVEING ABOUT Processing and Extraction of Oilseeds ( Mustard & Sunflower)

1. Processing and Extraction of O ilseeds ( Mustard & Sunflower) Submitted by : Kiranbeer Kaur Reg No : 2124610 Submission Date : 7-Dec-2022 Submitted to : Dr. Shubham Rohilla (Assistant Professor) 1 Subject : Technology of Cereals ,Pulses , Oilseeds

2. INTRODUCTION Nine oilseeds are the primary source of vegetables oils in the country ,which are largerly Grown under rain fed conditions over an area of about 26 million hectare Among these soybean (84%), groundnut (27%),rapeseed and mustard (27 %) ,contributes to more than 88% of the total oilseeds production and more than 80% of vegetable oil with a Major share of mustard ,soybean, and groundnut . 2

3. The mustard seeds ranks fourth among the major oilseeds of the world India is an important rape seed mustard seed growing country in the world occupying largest area and has second position in the production in the world The rapeseed – mustard seed group include sarson , raya and toria crops and mainly cultivated in UP, Haryana , Madhya pradesh and Gujrat . 3

4. Karnataka the largest producer of soybean in the country with the state accounting for almost 50% of the entire production in the country with the 18 rank in all over world . Rice bran oil  is the oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called bran. India is the largest producer  of Rice bran oil and the second is china. India produces 950,000 tonnes . 4

5. Mustard Mustard is an annual herb cultivated as oil seed crop or as vegetable or as fodder, of which, 3 species are known for its condiment value. They are pale yellow or white mustard ( Brassica hart ), brown mustard ( Brassica juncea ) and black mustard ( Brassica nigra ). Mustard flowe r Close up of mustard oilseed 5

6. Mustard oil Mustard oil  can mean either the pressed oil used for cooking, or a pungent essential oil also known as volatile oil of mustard. The essential oil results from grinding mustard seed mixing the grounds with water, and extracting the resulting volatile oil by distillation It can also be produced by dry distillation of the seed. 6

7. Composition of Mustard Oil Mustard oil has about 60% monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) 42% erucic acid 12% oleic acid 21% polyunsaturated fats(PUFA) 6% the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid(ALA) 15% omega 6 linoleic acid(LA)) and it has about 12% saturated fats. 7

8. Functions of Mustard O il Antifungal and antibacterial Hair revitalization Skin thereapy Cardiac health improvement Alleviate pain Reduce inflamation 8

9. Pusa mustard 22 (LET 17), CS 56 (CS-234-2), Pusa mustard-24 (LET-18), GSC-6 (OCN-3 ), Dhara mustard hybrid 1 (DMH 1) Hybrid, RB 50, RGN 145, Pusa mustard 25 (NPJ 112), NRCDR 601 (DMR 601), Pusa Mustard 26 (NPJ 113), RGN 229, RGN 236, PBR-357, RLC-2 (ELM 123) Varities Of Mustard 9

10. Mustard Oil Processing 10

11. Processing of Mustard The process of manufacture is well established To begin with dry mustard seeds are fed to oil extractor expeller where about 90-95% oil is extracted Mustard seed extraction set up 11

12. Processing of Mustard Seed drying The mustard seeds are dried in the sun to maintain 9.5 % moisture The step is essential in removing any water that could deteriorate the oil extraction process Mustard seed dryer Dried mustard seeds in sun 12

13. Seed cleaning The dried mustard seeds are cleaned whereby all the dirt and foreign objects are removed from the seeds to ensure the extracted oil is pure and of high quality Seed cleaner Removing unwanted particles Cleaned seeds 13

14. Mustard seeds Heating After the cleaning, the mustard seeds are then heated. the quantity of yield is increased by heating the seeds. The heating also improves the protein supply in the by-product seed cake that is used for animal feed processing. 14

15. Well-prepared mustard seeds are automatically fed into the mustard oil pressing machine where, depending on the volume to produce approximately 26 -30 % oil, the crushing and pressing are continued further to extract all the oil from the seed cake. Mustard Oil Extraction 15

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17. The final step involves filtering the extracted oil to remove impurities from the oil before the oil is bottled and stored . After filtration, the mustard oil is ready for filling, sealing, and packaging, now the mustard oil is filled in different sizes of a bottle according to market demand and sent for the market. Mustard Oil Filtration 17

18. Filtration Packaging & Storage of Oil Seed 18

19. Machinery & Equipment's Heavy duty Oil Expeller Oil Expeller machine which is specially designed to be used for Edible oil plant. This machines can extract oil from the most of seeds/nuts. Moreover it can crush ground nut, linseeds, mustard seeds, palm kernels, seeds, castor, neem, sun flower seeds etc. 19

20. Heavy duty round cooking/feeding kettle It is used to cook the mustard seeds initially prior to oil extraction in order to enhance oil yield. 20

21. 18"×18" - 18 taps with Filter cloth , oil collection tray complete   with all accessories oil pump   It’s an array of filtration membrane which are arranged such that when the oil is forced through this array via a pump it gets filtered. Filter press 21

22. Material handling and other Equipment's These Equipment’s are used for material handling. Other equipment’s like water pumps, weighing machine, pipelines, belts, other spare parts etc. are also used. 22

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24. Flow chart for processing of mustard seed 24

25. 25 Sunflower Sunflower, (genus Helianthus), genus of nearly 70 species of herbaceous plants of the aster family (Asteraceae). Sunflowers are native primarily to North and South America, and some species are cultivated as ornamentals for their spectacular size and flower heads and for their edible seeds.

26. 26 The common sunflower (H. annuus) is an annual herb with a rough hairy stem 1–4.5 metres (3–15 feet) high and broad, coarsely toothed, rough leaves 7.5–30 cm (3–12 inches) long arranged in spirals. The attractive heads of flowers are 7.5–15 cm wide in wild specimens and often 30 cm or more in cultivated types

27. 27 The common sunflower is valuable from an economic as well as from an ornamental point of view. The leaves are used as fodder, the flowers yield a yellow dye, and the seeds contain oil and are used for food. The sweet yellow oil obtained by compression of the seeds is considered equal to olive or almond oil for table use. Sunflower oil cake is used for stock and poultry feeding. The oil is also used in soap and paints and as a lubricant. The seeds may be eaten dried, roasted, or ground into nut butter and are common in birdseed mixes

28. 28 Sunflower oil  is the non-volatile oil pressed from the seeds of the sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ). Sunflower oil is commonly used in food as a frying oil, and in cosmetic formulations as an emollient . Sunflower oil is primarily composed of linoleic acid a polyunsaturated fat, and oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat. Through selective breeding and manufacturing processes, oils of differing proportions of the fatty acids are produced. The expressed oil has a neutral taste profile the oil contains a large amount of vitamin E

29. 29 Palmitic acid (saturated): 5% Stearic acid (saturated): 6% Oleic acid(monounsaturated  omega-9): 30% Linoleic acid (polyunsaturated  omega)- 6: 59 % Composition of Sunflower

30. 30 V arieties of sunflower Branching. Autumn Beauty. Chocolate, Goldy Honey Bear, Italian White . Dwarf. Sunspot. Teddy Bear, Topolino For Eating. Mammoth Grey Stripe, Mongolian Giant. Snacker . Medium-Tall Types. Lemon Queen. ProCut Bicolor, Taiyo,Tall Teddy, Velvet Queen.

31. 31 Health Benefits of Sunflower oil

32. 32 Processing of Sunflower oil

33. 33 Cleaning the Seeds The harvested sunflower oil seeds are passed over magnets to removal any metal traces, and other impurities are being get rid off by cleaning sieve and destoners. Then the outer covering (hulls) of the seeds are removed to obtain pure seeds

34. 34 Grinding the Seeds The de-hulled seeds are ground into coarse meal to provide a larger surface area to be pressed. Hammer mills or grooved rollers are used to crush the coarse meal into uniform fine particles. Then the meal is heated to enable oil extraction, though impurities are released with oil during this process and such impurities should be removed before the oil is declared edible . Pressing The heated meal is fed into a screw press which progressively increases the pressure from sixty kilopascals (kps) to 950kps, 206kps, to 850kps as the meal is passed through a slotted barrel. At the same time, the oil is squeezed out through the slots in the barrel and recovered

35. 35 Extraction of the Additional Oil Volatile hydrocarbon solvents are used to process the remaining oil cake through solvent extraction so as to achieve maximum yields. The most commonly used solvent is hexane which dissolves the oil out of remaining oil cake. The solvent is then distilled out of the oil, passed through the matter and then collected at the bottom. Removal of Solvent Traces Around 90% of the volatile solvent left in the extracted oil, evaporates and it’s collected for reuse. Then a stripping column is used to retrieve the remaining solvent. In this process, the oil is boiled by steam and the solvent evaporates, condenses and is collected separately.

36. 36 Refining of the Oil Sunflower oil refining involves removal of the bitterness, colour and odour. First the oil is heated at temperatures between 40 0C and 85 0C. Then it’s mixed with an alkaline substance like sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. The oils are degummed by treating them with heated water at temperatures between 85 0C and 95 0C or with acidified water. This precipitates out most of the gums usually phosphatides. Then centrifugation is done to remove the dregs.

37. 37 The edible oil used for cooking is obtained by filtering it through activated carbon, activated clay or through fuller’s earth which adsorbs the pigmented substance from the oil. However, the oil intended for salad dressing needs refrigeration. Such oil is obtained through winterizing by rapidly chilling and filtering to remove waxes. This procedure is applied to prevent solidification of the oil in the refrigerator . The final step involves deodorizing the oil by passing the steam over hot oil placed in a vacuum at temperatures between 225 0C and 250 0C . Processed Involved

38. 38 This allows the volatile components responsible for the taste and odor to evaporate from the oil. One percent citric acid is added to the oil to inactivate any trace metals present, hence preventing oxidation within the oil, thereby prolonging the shelf life of the oil.

39. 39 Sunflower oil seed cake is the most obvious waste product of the sunflower seed oil production process . Such oil seed cake is used to manufacture low-grade fertilizer and produce animal feeds. The unwanted by-products are disposed of . The most common product of the sunflower seed oil making is the oil seed cake/meal, which is usually used to make animal feed and low-grade fertilizer or partly disposed. By Products After Processing

40. 40 Sunflower meal is a successful substitute for soybean meal in equal protein diets for ruminant animals, as well as for swine and poultry feed.

41. 41 Flow scheme for oil processing

42. 42 Quiz ? What is dry distilation ? why rancidity occur in mustard oil ? Which compound release flavour in oil ? Difference between sunflower and mustard oil ?

43. 43 References .http ://www.oilmillmachinery.net/sunflower-oil-production.html .https ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflower_oil https://fsi.colostate.edu/sunflower-seeds-draft/ 11 :// epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/ .http :// www.niftem-t.ac.in/moilppteng.php .https :// patents.google.com/patent/CN103330731A/en .http :// www.edibleoilextractionmachine.com/faq/extraction_process_of_mustard_oil_498.html

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