Processing Devices

PPT on Central Processing Devices

1. Processing Processing
DevicesDevices

2. Processing DeviProcessing Devicesces
A computer is termed as data processing machine
which accepts data and then stores or processes data
immediately and display the output for the user.
A simple model of a computer
INPUT
PROCESSING
(CPU)
OUTPUT
STORAGE

4. Central Processing Unit(CPU)Central Processing Unit(CPU)
CPU is called as the brain of the computer, where most
calculations take place. It is also called as Processor
and has electronic circuitry.
It controls and coordinate the activities of all other
components of computer system and performs all the
arithmetic and logical operations to be applied to the
data.
For large machines, CPU’s require one or more printed
circuit boards(Ex: NASA Servers or Super computers)
and for PC’s, the CPU is housed in single chip called
microprocessor.

5. 3 Basic Parts of CPU3 Basic Parts of CPU
1.Registers
2.Arithmetic and Logical Unit(ALU)
3.Control Unit(CU)
CPU

6. RegistersRegisters
They hold various types of information such as data,
instructions, addresses and intermediate results of
calculations.
They hold the material that the CPU is currently
working with and they can be thought of as being the
CPU’s workspace. As soon as a particular instruction or
piece of data is finished, the next one immediately
replace it and information that results from the
processing is returned to main memory.
Size of the registers can effect the speed and
performance of the processor.

7. RAM:
Random access memory is name as
any of the locations on a chip can
be randomly selected and used to
directly store and retrieve data and
instructions
RAM refers to read and write
memory and RAM is volatile
memory, as soon as power was off,
there is no data in the RAM.
ROM:
Read only memory chips are used
by manufactures to permanently
store some programmes.

ROM
RAM

8. Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU)
It’s the place where the actual execution of the
instructions take place during the processing operation.
All calculations are performed and all comparisons are
made in ALU.
Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division.
Logical operations compare numbers, letters and
special characters.
Comparison operations test for three conditions:
equal to condition, less than conditions and greater
than conditions where two values will be compared.

9. Relational operations (=, <, >) are used to describe the
comparison operations used by the arithmetic logic unit
.
The arithmetic logic unit performs logic functions such
as AND, OR and NOT.
The data and instruction , stored in primary storage
prior to processing, are transferred as and when
needed to the ALU where processing takes place.
Data may move from primary storage to ALU and back
again to memory many times before the processing is
over.
After the processing is complete, the final result which
are stored in main memory unit are released to an
output device.

10. Control Unit
It contains an electronic circuit that uses electrical
signals to direct the entire computer system to carry
out, or execute, stored program instructions.
It communicates with all other devices.
It manages and coordinates the entire computer
system.
It obtains instructions from the programme stored in
main memory, interprets the instructions and issues
signals that cause other units of the system to execute
them.

11. Inside Computer Cabinet:
Or Buses

12. BusesBuses
Buses connect address, data and control instructions
together. A bus is a collection of wires through which
data is transmitted from one part of computer to
another.
In PC’s, the term bus usually refers to internal bus.
This is a bus that connects all the internal computer
components to the CPU and main memory. There is
also an expansion bus that enables expansion board to
access the CPU and memory.
There are 3 types of buses.
Address bus
Data bus
Control bus.

13. Data bus used to transfer actual data.
Address bus is used to identify particular
locations(addresses) in the main memory and
input/output lines. The width of the address bus
determines how many unique memory locations can be
addressed.
 To know how much data is transferred at one time is
determined by size of data bus.
Ex: 16 / 32 bit data bus can transfer 16 / 32 bits of data.
The control bus is used to control flow of data. Ex: to
read or write from or to memory. Every bus has a
clock speed measured in MHz
A fastest bus allows data to be transferred faster, which
makes applications run faster.

14. PROCESSOR HISTORY PROCESSOR HISTORY
INTEL 4004
INTEL 8080
INTEL 8086.
MOTOROLA 68000
INTEL 8088
INTEL 80286
INTEL 80287
INTEL 80386DX
SPARC
INTEL 80486DX
INTEL 80386SX
INTEL 80386SL
INTEL 80486SX
INTEL 80486DX2
INTEL PENTIUM
INTEL PENTIUM PRO
INTEL PENTUM II
INTEL PENTIUM III

15. INTEL® CELERON™ D PROCESSORS
INTEL® PENTIUM™ 4 PROCESSORS
INTEL® PENTIUM™ D PROCESSORS
INTEL® CORE® 2 DUO PROCESSORS
AMD® SEMPRON® PROCESSORS
AMD® ATHLON™ 64 PROCESSORS
AMD® ATHLON™ 64 X2 DUAL CORE PROCESSORS

16. Intel Celeron Intel P4 Intel Core 2 Duo

17. ConclusionConclusion
CPU is the brain of the computer that it controls and
coordinates the activities of all the components of
the computer.

18. Thank you!Thank you!