Procrastination

Procrastination is the tendency to avoid or delay acting upon a task or activity under one's immediate control.

1. Procrastination Presented by Rosna Davis C . Prajyoti Niketan College Pudukkad

2. Procrastination is the tendency to avoid or delay acting upon a task or activity under one’s immediate control. Procrastinators persistently postpone and avoid or undertaking completing a task or making a decision.

3. Procrastination comes from the Latin   pro ,  meaning “forward, forth, or in favor of, ” and crastinus , meaning “ of tomorrow ”

4. Are you a consistent procrastinator? The primary manifestations of self-handicapping through procrastination include excessive sleeping, playing computer games , watching TV, checking your Facebook status , shopping online, social activities and disruptions, alcohol and other drug use, environmental handicaps, music , noise distraction and having a cluttered and disorganised living space.

5. Why Do We Procrastinate? We all procrastinate at some time or another, and researchers suggest that the problem can be particularly pronounced among students. An estimated 25 to 75 percent of college students procrastinate on academic work. One 2007 study found that a whopping 80 percent to 95 percent of college students procrastinated on a regular basis, particularly when it came to completing assignments and coursework. A 1997 survey found that procrastination was one of the top reasons why Ph.D . candidates failed to complete their dissertations.

6. Fear of Failure Perfectionism Fear of success Low self-esteem Peter Pan syndrome Hoping someone else will do it Causes – Personality - Psychological

7. Lack of skill Decision making No deadline Overwhelmed Wrong temperament Too little to do Authority resistance Causes -Social- Situational

8. It's not just students who fall into the "I'll do it later" trap. According to Joseph Ferrari, a professor of psychology at DePaul University in Chicago and author of Still Procrastinating, around 20 percent of U.S. adults are chronic procrastinators. These people don't just procrastinate occasionally ; it's a major part of their lifestyle. They pay their bills late, don't start work on big projects until the night before the deadline, delay holiday shopping until Christmas Eve , and even file their income tax returns late. The Negative Impact of Procrastination

9. Unfortunately, this procrastination can have a serious impact on a number of life areas, including a person's mental health. In a 2007 study, researchers found that at the beginning of the semester, students who were procrastinators reported less illness and lower stress levels than non procrastinators. This changed dramatically by the end of the term, when procrastinators reported higher levels of stress and illness.

10. Not only can procrastination have a negative impact on your health; it can also harm your social relationships. By putting things off, you are placing a burden on the people around you. If you habitually turn in projects late or dawdle until the last minute, the people who depend on you such as your friends, family, co-workers, and fellow students can become resentful.

11. "I'm more productive when I work under pressure, so I'm postponing all my work until the pressure builds up and then I’ll get it done easily.” "I don't know how to do this problem, so I'm waiting until I know how before I do it." "This task isn't getting done because I really don't want to do it. And that's the honest truth" "Relax. The world isn't going to come to an end if this doesn't get done ." Common Rationalizations

12. "If I wait until the last minute, I won't spend so much time on it." "If I do this work right now, I'll miss out on a once-in-a-lifetime social event." "Circumstances beyond my control prevented me from doing so." "I've worked on this for so long that I have no interest or energy for it .“ “I waited until the last moment before and it worked out okay, so why not this time?” "This job is easier to do when I'm in the mood, and I'm simply not in the mood right now."

13. Procrastination Leads To Wasted Time Missed Opportunities Poor Performance Self-Deprecation Increased Stress

14. TIME MANAGEMENT TASK MANAGEMENT MIND MANAGEMENT Overcoming Procrastination

15. Do unpleasant tasks first Set a starting time Assign a time slot for work on a task Develop a daily priority list Guard against diversions Always have your organizer with you Use an occasional time log Time Management

16. Do unpleasant tasks in small pieces Arrange the environment Find a leading task Take action Keep records of successful work or projects Commit with friends to do a project Turn difficult tasks into games Task Management

17. Admit procrastination Be good to yourself by removing the anxiety of procrastination Don’t use fatigue or illness as an escape Live for the present Give self rewards Refrain from self punishment Appreciate the intermediate steps/accomplishments Occasionally procrastinate with a clear conscience Mind Management

18. Practice What You've Learned Think of one thing you are currently procrastinating in, and write it on the line below. It might be personal , school or work-related. Now write all the reasons for your delay. This may take five or ten minutes because some of them are really hidden from you. These reasons are the controlling influences . Write down as many as possible. In the "Arguments Against Delay" column, argue against all the reasons for delay in a convincing manner. If you can argue against them successfully, you will be able to start the task. I'm delaying on ________ because Reasons for Delay Arguments Against Delay 1 ._______________ _______________ 2._______________ _______________ 3._______________ _______________ 4 ._______________ _______________

19. Some Tools That Will Help Make the tasks look small and easy in your mind. ("I've written lots of excellent papers; this is just one more paper.") Do only a small part of the task each time. ("I'll just check out the books tonight. Later on, I'll glance through them.") Five-minute plan: Work on something for just five minutes. At the end of five minutes, switch to something else if you want. Chances are, you'll get involved enough to keep going. Advertise your plans to accomplish something, and let peer pressure push you forward. ("I told everyone that I was going to finish this tonight.")

20. Use a good friend as a positive role model. If you have trouble concentrating, study in the presence of someone who doesn't. Modify your environment - if you can't study at home, find a place where you can study; or, change your study situation at home. Plan tomorrow and establish priorities - some students find that simply writing down reasonable starting and stopping times help them get going. Expect some backsliding. Don't expect to be perfect even when you're trying to get rid of perfectionism! So occasionally, your plans will not work. Accept setbacks and start again.

21. Finally Now that you understand how procrastination works, and how you can greatly reduce its influence in your life, you'll experience more freedom and greater personal self-satisfaction . Keep working on it. You may still procrastinate, but now you'll be able to resolve the situation much more quickly which in turn will enhance your feelings of self-confidence . When you do succeed, take time to savor the moment so you will remember how good it feels . This will help the next time you need encouragement.

22. Thank you.…….