Production of VAM

This one was done by my mom.I made this one for her,so I get to upload it

1. BIOFERTILIZERS Rajani T S,Agricultural officer

2. Soil micro-organisms Bacteria Fungus Actinomycetes Algae

3. Nitrogen- biofertilizers Rhizobium Acetobacter Azospirillum Convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammoniacal form

4. Rhizobium Culture-for pulse crops Application:Seed treatment 500g culture for treating seed for 1 hectre 500g culture +1 and ½ liter starch solution and mix with seeds Fixes 25-50kg nitrogen per hectare

5. Azetobacter Suitable for upland crops Fixes 15-20kg per ha Nitrogen fertilizers can be reduced by 20% Promote plant growth Produce plant hormones,vitamines Application Seed treatment-500g culture +10kg seed +1/2L water Seedling dip-500g culture +3/4L water Soil applications—1:25 with compost Fruit plants,plantation crops=50-100 grams per yr Tree crops –100-200gm per year

6. Azospirillum Suitable for upland and wetland Fixes 20-25 kg nitrogen N fertilizers can be reduced by 25% Produces plant hormones,vitamins,enzymes etc Rapid root growth

7. Application Seed treatment-500g culture +10kg seed +1/2L water Seedling dip-500g culture +3/4L water Soil applications—1:25 with compost Crop duration 6 mnths =1-2kg per ha More than 6 months=2-4kg per ha Paddy-seed treat ment =2kg culture +60L water+seed for 1 hectre Seedling dip=2kg +40L water for 20 min Soil application-2kg with compost

8. FUNGUS VAM-vesicular Arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus species Suitable for upland crops Increase P uptake Improve water uptake Improve absorption of N,K and micro nutrients Improves root growth Prevents fungal disease Protects from nematodes Application-along with organic manure

9. Efficient use of biofertilizers Use adequate OM Liming –if pH is below 6(250kg per ha) Irrigate during summer Supplement balance quantity of frtilizrs Gap of 1 week between bio and chemical fertilizer application No contaminants Shelf life of 6 months

10. Production of VAM

11. Materials required Vermiculite Perlite Soil Sand Cow dung powder Polythene cover Polythene bags/ earthern pots Mother culture Formaldehyde Plastic basins Planting materials

12. For the production of 100kg VAM Vermiculite - 65kg Perlite – 15kg Potting mixture – 20kg Formaldehyde – 250ml Mother culture Planting materials

13. Procedure Mix vermiculite, perlite, potting mixture together Sterilize the mixture using formaldehyde Rake well and keep it for one week Sterilize the pots or polythene bags in sunlight Fill the bags/pots with mixture A dd mother culture and sow the seed or plant

14. requirements Sunlight – bright sunlight is required Irrigation – irrigate twice daily until the crop develops sufficient growth

15. Planting materials Guinea grass – 3 months Sorghum – 3 months Maize – 3 months Bajra – 2 ½ months

16. economics From 100 bags-3.5 t VAM expenditure Vermiculite 2275 kg Rs25/kg 56875 Perlite 525 110 57750 Potting mixture 700 7 4900 Formaldehyde 5L 200 1000 Mother culture 5kg 60 300 Polythene bags 100 8 800 Polythene cover 100 2 200 Total:121825 Rs=122000 Income:3500*60=2,10,000 Profit=78000

17. bajra

18. maize

19. Guinea grass

20. sorghum

21. Vam culture

22. Thank you