Production technology of betelvine

learning of production aspects in betelvine.

1. 14-06-2016 RVSPCH,SEMPATTI

2. •Botanical Name-Piper betel
•Family-Piperaceae
•Origin:
Betelvine is a perennial dioeciously creeper
native of Malaysia.
•Importance:
Betelvine leaves have a strong pungent
aromatic flovour and are widely used as
masticatory. Mature leaves are used for chewing
with smeared hydrated lime plus catachu,
arecanut, clove, cordamom, clove, funnel etc.
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3. •Betal chewing is considered as a good and cheap
source of distary calcium. Betal oil has several
medicinal used it used for brain leaves
carmination, etc. Leaves has-religious
importance.
•Composition:
Moisture 85.4%, protein 3.1%, fat
0.8%, carbohydrate 6.1%, fibre 2.3%, minerals
2.3%, reducing sugars 0.38%, to 1.46% and all
vitamins and Iodine also. It also contains almost
all amino acids.
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4. •The aromatic value is determined by the nature
of oil content in leaf. Oil content varies from 0.7
to 2.6% the oil consist of phenolsand terpens
•Climate:
Betelvine thrives best under humid
tropical condition with cool shade. It flourishes
in areas with a rainfall of 225 to 475 cm. The
South West coastal regions of Kerala, North
Kanara in Karnataka, Basins parts of M.S. and
Norm East hilly regions of Assam provides those
condition.
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5. •Under unsuitable climatic condition, it is
cultivated by providing protection on sides and
tops by raising live hedge of quick Rowing plants
such as Sebnis eqyptica and bamboo thatches. It
is cultivated over an area of 27000 ha..
•Soil:
The betel cultivation in clay loam which
is friable, rich in organic and which has good
drinage. It can not grow under salineand
alkaline soils.
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6. •Varieties:
Deshi, vali, nalekatj Kurche, Sanchi,
Remtaks, Pangara, Kapufi, Banaresi,Calcutta,
Madres, Malpari, Chandan, Kali.
•Cultivation:
The cultivation of betel vine is highly
specialized and need intensive care.
Considerable efforts are made to adopt a
suitable layout, since betelvine is sensitive to
soil and climatic conditions; it needs proper
maintenance of moisture, of soil aeration and
sufficient humidity.
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7. •Where betal vine is cultivated as mixed crop in
arecanut plantations drainage channels are
made between every two, three or four rows of
arecanut depending of soil type.
•The trenches having depth 30 to 60 cm are
prepared 1.0 to 1.5 m away from the base of
supporting tree. In palm area Shevri or Rangara
are used as supporting tree.
•Its are tilled with top soil + 10 kg F.Y.M. spacing is
given according to the need of supporting" tree
or standards.
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8. •Propagation:
•It is propagated by cuttingwhich are obtained
from past year growth having length 30 to 45
cm, each cutting should contain 3-5 nodes.
•The shade are planted at the bass of supporting
plants by gigging trenches. About 2500 to 3500
shade will require to plant one hectare area.
When the sets basin to sprout and creep along,
they are tied to the support (standard) at 15-224
cm interval.
•The vine penetrate roots when they comes in
contact with standard.
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9. •Aftercare:
•Sets establishes within 3 weeks.The first leaf
comes within one month.. From this time, it
requires constant cutting by expert hand.
•Following operations are required to be carried
out
1) Thinning & pruning of -leaves
2) Sapfilling
3) Earming-up
4) Manuring.
5) Irrigation and drainage.
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10. •Manuring:
• Crop needs heavy manuring F.Y.M. 35
to50ton/hayears also supply oil cake, fish etc.
apply NPKinthe proportion of 50 : 25 : 25
g/tree/year give the fertilizers immediately after
lowering.
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11. •Harvesting and Yield:
•Harvesting of leaves starts from 6 months to 18
months after planting depending of soil,
varieties, each vine is picked thrice or four times
in a year.
•However, in M.S. picking is continuously done
every day or thrice is a day depending upon the
demand of market, expert hands are needed for
picking. In some area artificial nail are used for
picking.
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12. •In some area artificial nail are used for picking.
The crop yield is less in first year, maximum in
middle and less towards and.
•On an average 52 to 75 lakh leaves/ha/year are
obtained. The picked leaves are washed cleaned,
counters and sorted in different grades
according to size,colour, texture and maturity
and their chewing quality.
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13. •Plant protection
Pests-Scale insects
Select scale-free seed vines. Spray
Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/lit when one or two
scales are noticed on the basal portion of the
stem/leaves.
•Direct the spray solution to the basal portion of
the vines.Spray NSKE 5 %or Malathion 50 EC 1
ml/lit.
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14. •Mites (Sevvattai)
Mites can be controlled by spraying
Wettable sulphur 50 WP @ 1 g/lit or Dicofol
18.5 EC 0.5 ml/lit.
•Mealy bugs
Mealy bugs can be controlled by
spraying Chlorpyriphos 20 EC at 2 ml/lit or
Dimethoate 30 EC 2ml/lit . Concentrate the
spray towards the collar region.
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15. •DISEASES
•Bacterial leaf spot, blight and bacterial stem rot
•Spray Streptocycline @ 400 ppm + Bordeaux
mixture @ 0.25% at the time of first disease
symptoms appear.
•Continue spraying at 20 days intervals.Always
spray the chemical after plucking the leaves.
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16. •Anthracnose (Theechal)
Spray 0.2 % Ziram or 0.5% Bordeaux
mixtureafter plucking the leaves after the first
appearance of the symptom.
The variety Karpoori is susceptible to
the disease.
•Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew can be controlled
by spraying 0.2% Wettable sulphur after
plucking the leaves.
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