Production technology of garden pea

Garden pea is an important cool season vegetable grown all over the world

1. Pisum sativum L. Fabaceae 2n = 14 Central Asia Production technology of garden pea Ningappa Kirasur 2014-12-129 Dept. of Olericulture COH, Vellanikkara 1

2. Important vegetable crop grown all over the world Grown as winter crop in India Highly nutritive and rich source of protein 7% Used as fresh vegetable, canned or dehydrated The average yield in India is 6.12t/ha Contd … 2

3. Soil and Climate Well drained loamy soil with optimum pH range of 6 - 7.5 is ideal Thrives well in cool weather Withstands low temperature at the seedling stage Grows best at a temperature of 10-18 C Optimum temperature for seed germination 22 C 3

4. Season Central plains – Oct. - Nov. Northern hills – Jun. - Jul. Seed rate Early crop 100-120 kg ha -1 Mid and late crop 80-90 kg ha -1 4

5. Varieties Based on seed Smooth seeded Wrinkled seeded Based on height Bushy Medium tall Tall 5

6. Ooty 1 : Crop duration of 90 days Dwarf type with yield potential of 11.9 t/ha Resistant to white fly Bonneville : It is very popular variety in India Introduced from USA Yield 10t/ha, susceptible to powdery mildew 6

7. Contd … Arka Ajit : Released from IIHR, Bangalore Resistant to powdery mildew and rust Yield 10t/ha in 90 days Jawahar Matar - 2 : Bigger size pods Yield 10-12t/ha Susceptible to powdery mildew 7

8. Contd … UN 53 : Snap pea (whole pod edible ) From IIHR- Bangluru Yield 8- 9 t/ ha Duration- 90 days 8

9. Contd … Arkel : Most popular exotic pea introduced from England Susceptible to collar rot Yield 5t/ha 9

10. Other varieties Harbhajan FC 1 JP 4 JP 19 Lincoln Mattar Ageta 6 10

11. Seed treatment Treat the seeds with Trichoderma 4 g/kg or Thiram or Captan at 2 g/kg of seed To avoid seed borne diseases Apply 2 kg Phosphobacterium as soil application before sowing 11

12. Land preparation Thorough preparation of the land is necessary for pea crop for better growth This fix large quantity of atmospheric nitrogen to soil This is achieved by soil turning plough followed by one or two harrowing 12

13. Methods of sowing Broadcasting Behind the country plough By dibbling Spacing Early varieties 30 cm x 5-10 cm Mid and late varieties 45 cm x 10 cm 13

14. Irrigation Do not irrigate the crop immediately after sowing Results in poor germination due to formation of hard crust Life saving irrigation is given on 3rd day after sowing Irrigation is done once in a week critical stages for irrigation are f lowering , fruit set and grain filling stage 14

15. Manuring FYM 20 t/ha N - 60 kg /ha, P 2 O 5 - 80 kg/ha and K 2 O - 70 kg K/ha as basal dose apply N - 60 kg /ha on 30 days after sowing Foliar sprays of ammonium molybdate 0.1% at flowering Increased yield and quality 15

16. After cultivation Weeding : Done 15 days after sowing Subsequent weeding is done as and when necessary Pre-sowing application of Basalin 3 lit/ha Staking: Most important operation especially for tall varieties Stake the plants on 30 days after sowing 16

17. Staking 17

18. Harvesting Peas must be harvested at proper stage of pod maturity Early varieties in 50days after sowing Mid and late varieties in 60-75days after sowing Maturity of pea tested with Tenderometer 18

19. Mechanical harvesting Manual harvesting Contd … 19

20. Contd …. Delayed harvesting leads to fibrous pod Its bring down the market value of the produce Higher temperature at harvest affects quality Yield Early varieties: 2.5-4t/ha Mid-varieties: 6-7.5t/ha Late varieties: 8-10t/ha 20

21. Storage Peas are perishable and get heated easily in storage Fresh unshelled peas are kept at 0 C and 90-95% RH for 2 weeks Pods freezes at - 10 C Shelling percentage ranged from 35-50% 21

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23. Pest incidence Pod borer : Heliothes sp . Symptoms: Larvae feed on foliage and pod Destroys buds, flowers, and pods Management: Spray Carbaryl 50 WP at 2 g/lit 23

24. Pea aphid: Acyrthosiphon pisum Symptoms: Adults and nymphs suck sap from leaves Leaves turn yellowish green and wilt Management Spray Phosphamidon at 1 ml/lit Contd … Pea aphids 24

25. Disease incidence Powdery mildew  : Erysiphe polygoni Symptoms : Appears as on foliage and pods First small slightly darkened areas , later become white powdery spots Spots enlarge and cover entire leaf area Infected leaves become chloratic and distorted 25

26. Management: Apply inorganic sulphur at 0.25 % Powdery mildew symptoms Contd … 26

27. Thank you 27