Production Technology of Rubber.........

Fruit

1. Production Technology of Rubber Name: B.YAMINI PRIYA
ID No : 22164130 Course code and title: 22CHOR45 Production technology of Fruits and Plantation Crops 2(1+1) Course Teacher: Dr. M. Kumeresan Common name: Rubber Scientific name: Hevea brasiliensis Family : Euphorbiaceae Origin :South America

2. Soil and climate It Requires deep and lateritic fertile soil with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 6.0 and highly deficient in available phosphorous. Tropical climate with annual rainfall of 2000 – 4500 mm is suited for cultivation. Minimum and maximum temperature should be ranged from 25 to 34°C with 80 % relative humidity is ideal for cultivation. Regions prone to heavy winds should be avoided.

3. Varieties Tjir 1, PB 86, BD 5, BD 10, PR 17, GT 1, RRII 105, RRIM 600, PB 28/59, PB 217, PB 235, RRIM 703, RRII 5, PCK-1, 2 and PB 260 Rubber Plantation Rubber tree

4. Method of propagation : Propagated by green budding, brown budding and crown budding. Nursery : Bed size: 60-120 cm width and of convenient length. Season : June – July is optimum for cultivation. Spacing: Seedling stumps – 23 x 23 cm, 30 x 30 cm and 34 x 20 cm. Budded stumps – 30 x 30 cm.
Stump budding – 60 x 60 cm.
Bud wood nursery – 60 x 90 cm or 60 x 120 cm.

5. Seedling Nursery: Manuring : Basal -2.5 t/ha of FYM and 350kg/ha of Rock Phosphate.
1.5 – 2 months after planting –10:10:4:1.5 NPKMg mixture -2500 kg/ha.
Urea @550 kg /ha -3 to 3.5 months. Seedlings in nursery

6. Planting : Pit size of 1 m3 are dug and filled up with top soil and compost

7. In Situ sowing: Germinated seeds are sown in situ in the pits. Healthy ones are retained and
the others removed. Manuring For immature rubber trees at pre-tapping stage
Apply 12 kg of compost or FYM and 120 g of rock phosphate in each pit before planting. Apply 10:10:4:1.5 NPK andMg as per schedule given below: Apply 400 kg of mixture/ha in 2 doses, once in April/May and another in September/October from the 5 th year till the tree is ready for tapping.

8. Matured rubber trees under tapping For matured rubber trees under tapping apply NPK 10:10:10 grade mixtures at the rate of 900 g/tree (300 kg/ha) every year in two split doses. Add 10 kg commercial Magnesium sulphate for every 100 kg of the above mixture if there is magnesium deficiency.

9. Aftercultivation Growing of cover crops, incorporation of cover crops and weeding are important operations. Pueraria phaseoloides , Calopagonium muconoides , Centrosema pubescens and Desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops. Tapping

10. Ethrel treatment: Ethrel is recommended to increase latex yield of trees. It is applied at 5% a.i . concentration with a brush below the tapping cut to a width of 5 cm after light scraping of the outer bark. The first application may be done after a drought period preferably after a few pre-monsoon showers and subsequent applications may be done in September and November. However, continuous application of Ethrel is not recommended for periods of more than 3 years at a stretch. Tapping panel dryness (Brown bast ) Syndrome characterized by prolonged dripping of latex with the gradual decline in volume yield, pre coagulation of latex and partial or complete drying of tapping area (10-25 per cent). Control Reduce tapping intensity or give a tapping rest for 3 to 12 months.

11. Plant protection
Pests
Scale insect When severe infestation is noticed, spray Organophosphorus insecticides like malathion 50 EC 2 ml/lit. Mealy bug: Spray fish oil rosin-soap 25 g/lit. Release Austalian lady bird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @ 10/tree. Termite (White ant): Drench the soil at the base of affected plants with Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/ litre . Cockchafer grub: Drench soil at the base of plants in the affected area with the solution of Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/ litre .

12. Mites Spray Sulphur 50 WP at 2 g/lit or spray Dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5 ml/lit. Diseases Abnormal leaf fall Prophylactic spraying on the foliage prior to the onset of South-West monsoon with, Bordeaux mixture 1% at 4000 - 5000 lit/ha using high volume sprayers. Bird’s eye spot Repeated sprayings with Bordeaux mixture 1% or Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride 0.2%. Provide shade in nursery. Give balanced manuring to increase tree vigour . Leaf spot Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.2% Mancozeb , or 0.1% Carbendazim at fortnightly intervals.

13. Pink disease Frequent tree to tree inspection should be done during July – September period for detecting the infected trees and application of Bordeaux paste in the early stages upto 30 cm above and below the affected region. In advanced cases apply Bordeaux paste and when it dries up scrape off the superficial mycelium and damaged bark and apply Bordeaux paste once again. Prune off and burn the dried up branches after disinfecting by Bordeaux spraying. Patch canker or Bark cankers The affected region may be scraped to remove all the rooting bark and the coagulated rubber and the wound washed well with Dithane M 45 @ 0.75 %. When the fungicide dries up apply wound dressing compound.

14. By-products of Rubber Rubber bands Rubber ball Rubber bed

15. Yield Rubber yield steeply increases year by year, reaching a peak after 14 years of planting. In South India, the annual yield of rubber is 375 kg/ha from seedlings trees, whereas budded plants yield 800 – 1000 kg/ha. Harvesting

16. Thank you