Products of blood, and its transfusions.

Products of Blood

1. Products of Blood

2. DEFINITION: Blood transfusion is the transfusion of whole blood or its components such as blood cells or plasma from one person to another person. Blood transfusion involves two procedures that is – Collection of blood from donor. Administration of blood to the recipient.

3. COMPONENTS OF BLOOD : Whole blood Packed red blood cells Fresh frozen plasma Platelets cryoprecipitate

4. Selection of donor Donor should be free from disease such as TB,HIV,AIDS,cancer . HB levels must be above 12gm%. Weight should be <50 for full donation of 450ml. Age should be in between of 18 to 65 years. Pulse rate must be regular and between 60 to 100/ min.

5. RED CELL TRANSFUSION Transfuse through blood transfusion set only , containing 170 mm filter. Start transfusion within first 30 min of release from blood bank. Best veins for blood transfusion are on dorsum of hand and forearm. Ensure that blood is warmed up to at least room temperature before transfusion. Do not add any medicines or fluid in blood.

6. FRESH FROZEN PLASMA TRANSFUSION One bag of FFP contain 200ml of FFP. It is transfused group to group. Thaw FFP by placing it in water bath at 37 degree with frequent agitation with hand. Never thawed under hot water tap. Transfused within half hour of thawing at the rate of 1oml/min. Once thawed cannot be refrozen.

7. PLATELET TRANSFUSION One bag of platelets contain 5oml of platelet concentrate. Transfused group to group. Platelet once removed from incubator must be transfused as early as possible. One bag of 50ml should take 5-10 min in transfusion. Platelets must be demanded when patient is ready for platelet transfusion.

8. BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS Definition Blood transfusion reaction is a systematic response by the blood to incompatible with that of recipient. It mainly cause due to : ABO incompatibility Allergic reactions to the WBCs,platelets or plasma components.

9. Clinical features acute hemolytic reaction; Onset of fever Chills, headache, chest pain, Nausea ,vomiting Increased heart rate and respiratory rate.

10. HEMOSIDEROSIS It is also known as iron overload. It may develops in client receiving frequent blood transfusion. It is the abnormal deposition of Iron in various tissues in the form of hemosiderin which is an iron rich pigment that is the product of hemolysis .