produksi penicillin dengan bbrp metode.ppt

kuliah terkait pembuatan penicillin

1. PRODUCTION OF
PENICILLIN

2. “A 1957 fermentor (bioreactor) was
used to grow PENICILLIUM MOULD.
Penicillin is a secondary metabolite
of certain species of Penicillium and
is produced when growth of the
fungus is inhibited by stress. It is not
produced during active growth.
Production is also limited by
feedback in the synthesis pathway of
penicillin.”

3. By ALEXANDER FLEMING as he was sorting petri dishes containing
colonies of Staphylococcus. He noticed that plate was dotted with
colonies. The zone around the mould was later identified as a rare
strain of Penicillium notatum.

4. PENICILLIN PRODUCTION
DEEP FERMENTATION methods, which were primarily
development for the production of penicillin during the
world war 2, gave rise to the development of antibiotics
and contributed to the nascent biotechnology industry.
Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, thus is only
produced in the stationary phase.
The industrial production of penicillin was generally
classified into 2 processes :
1. Upstream processing
2. Downstream processing

5. Continue...
UPSTREAM PROCESSING comprises of any technology that leads to
the synthesis of a product and includes : exploration, development
and production.
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING comprises extraction and purification
of a biotechnological product from fermentation.

6. PROCESS OF PRODUCTION
Like other industrial plant products, Penicillin production
also has a process flow that begins with raw materials to
downstream processes.
 MEDIUM FOR PRODUCTION

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Carbon source – Corn steep liquor and glucose.

☆
Salts – Magnesium Sulphate, Potassium Phosphate and
Sodium Nitrates.
 HEAT STERILISATION
Medium is sterilised at high heat and high pressure with
the help of fermentor. The pressurised heat is used usually
and medium is heated to 120°C at 30 psi.

7. FERMENTATION
Usually done in a fed batch mode.
The typical fermentation conditions are:

☆
Temperature of 20- 24°C

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PH conditions of 6.0- 6.5

☆
Pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure (1.02atm)

☆
Sparging of air bubbles is necessary to provide sufficient oxygen for viability of
the fungus.

☆
The impeller is necessary to mix the culture medium.
 SEED CULTURE
Seed culture is developed in Labs by addition of penicillin spores into a liquid
medium and when it is grown to the acceptable amount it will be inoculated into
the fermenter.

8. REMOVAL OF BIOMASS
☆Filtration is necessary at this point as bioseperation is required to remove
the biomass from the culture such as fungus and other impurities from the
medium containing penicillin product.
☆Rotary vacuum filter is commonly used.
☆Non oxidising acids such as Phosphoric acid are introduced as pH will be
as high as 8.5.
ADDING OF SOLVENT
In order to dissolve the penicillin present in the filterate, organic solvents
such as Amyl acetate or Butyl acetate are used.
CENTRIFUGAL EXTRACTION
Centrifugation is done to separate the solid waste from the liquid
component which contains penicillin.
Usually a Tubular bowl or Chamber bowl centrifuge is used.

9. EXTRACTION
Penicillin dissolve in the solvent will now undergo a series of
extraction process to obtain better purity of the penicillin product.
FLUID BED DRYING
Drying is necessary to remove any remaining moisture present in
the powdered Penicillin salt. In this hot gas is pumped in from the
Base of the chamber.
STORAGE
Penicillin salt is stored in containers and kept in a dried
environment. It will then be polished and packed into various types
of products such as liquid penicillin or penicillin in pills.