PROF ASARE UNIT 1(INTRODUCTION TO M.I.S).pdf

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

1. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
Cape Coast, Ghana
Dr Prince Y. Asare
Department of Business and Social Sciences Education
[email protected]
EMG302: Management Information Systems I

2. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Presentation Outline
Systems Concepts
Information Systems
Components of Information Systems
Operations of an Information System
Characteristics of Information
Business Perspectives of Information Systems

3. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA
Systems Concepts

4. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Meaning of Systems
Systems:Groupofinterrelatedcomponentsworkingtogether
towardsacommongoalbyaccepting
inputsand
producingoutputsinan
organisedtransformationprocess.

5. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Types of Systems
Formalsystems:Hasaccepted,fixedrulesandSOPs.
E.g.,Accountingsystems,DecisionSupportSystems,Enterprise
ResourcePlanning,InventoryManagementSystems,Customer
RelationshipManagement
Informalsystems:Reliesonunstatedrulesofbehaviour.
E.g.,Socialnorms,culturalpractices,

6. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Types of Systems
Deterministicsystems:Operatesonsomepredefinedprocedures
hencethefutureofthesystemcanbepredictedaccurately
dependingonthesituationorevents.
E.g.,Machineproducingacomponent,digitalclock,algorithmic
processes(mergesort).
Probabilisticsystems:Operateonchances,hencetheirbehaviour
cannotbedeterminedaccurately.E.g.,Salesinformationsystems

7. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Types of Systems
Closedsystems:Donotinteractwithitsenvironment.E.g.,
Manufacturingsystems,acomputerprogramme.
Opensystems:communicatewiththeenvironment.E.g.,
Biologicallivingsystemsandsocialorganizations.

8. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA
Information Systems

9. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANAMeaning of Information Systems
What is an information system?
Indescribinginformationsystemswordssuchascomputers,
networksanddatabaseswillcomeup.
The study of information systems encompasses a broad array of
devices, software and data systems.

10. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Information Systems
What is an information system (IS)?
AnIScanbedefinetechnicallyasasetofinterrelatedcomponents
thatcollects,process,storeanddistributeinformationtosupport
decisionmakingandcontrolinanorganisation.
ISsarecombinationsofhardware,softwareand
telecommunicationsnetworkbuildandusedtocollect,createand
distributeusefuldatatypicallyinorganisationsetting.
Consists of physical and non-physical components working together

11. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Information Systems
What is an information system?
ISsareinterrelatedcomponentsworkingtogethertocollect,
process,storeanddisseminateinformationtosupportdecision
making,coordination,control,analysisandvisualizationinan
organisation.
TwodifferentwaysofdescribingISs?:
Componentsthatmakeupaninformationsystem.
Rolesthecomponentsplayinanorganisation.

12. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA
Components of Information Systems

13. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Components of an IS
Hardware
Software
Database
Network(Telecommunications)
People
ProceduresorProcess

14. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANAOperations of an Information System
Feedbackisoutputreturnedtoappropriatepeopleoractivitiesinthe
organisationtoevaluateandrefinetheinput
Storage
Input Process Output
Feedback

15. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Characteristics of Information
AgoodISmustbeabletoproduceinformation(output)that
carriesthefollowingcharacteristics:
Relevant:Informationmustpertaintotheproblemathand.
Complete:Partialinformationisoftenworstthanno
information.Difficultformanagerstomakedecisionswithout
sufficientinformation.
Accurate:Erroneousinformationmayleadtodisastrous
decisions.

16. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Characteristics of Information
AgoodISmustbeabletoproduceinformation(output)that
carriesthefollowingcharacteristics:
Current:Decisionsareoftenbaseduponthelatestavailable
information.
Economical:Inabusinesssetting,thecostofobtaining
informationmustbeconsideredasonecostelementinvolved
inanydecision.
Timely:Informationmustbeavailableattherighttimewhen
needed.Otherwisethebenefitoftheinformationislost.

17. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA
Business Perspective on Information
System

18. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Business Perspective on IS
AnISisanorganizationalandmanagementsolution,basedon
informationtechnologytochallengesposedbytheenvironment.
Information
System
Management

19. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Business Perspective on IS
Organisation
People,structureandoperatingprocedures,politicsandculture.
Coordinatesworkthroughastructuredhierarchyandformal
standardoperatingprocedures(SOPs)
Rulesguideemployeesinvarietyofprocedures.Mostofthe
proceduresareformalizedandwrittendown,butmanyothersare
informalpractices.

20. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Business Perspective on IS
Organisation
Organisationalfunctionsinclude:
MarketingandSales
Manufacturing
Finance
Accounting
HumanResources
ResearchandDevelopment.

21. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Business Perspective on IS
Management
Management’sjobistomakesenseoutofmanysituationsfacedby
organisationandformulateactionplanstosolveorganizational
problems.
Seniormanagers:makelong-rangestrategicdecisionsabout
productsandservicestoproduce.
Middlemanagers:carryouttheprogrammesandplansofsenior
management.
Operationalmanagers:responsibleformonitoringthefirm’sdaily
activities.

22. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
CAPE COAST -GHANA Business Perspective on IS
InformationTechnology
Toolavailabletomanagersforcopingwithchange.
Consists:
computerhardware,
computersoftware,
storagetechnologyand
communicationtechnology(networks).