Professional Relationships

professional relationship in professional ethics.......

1. Professional Professional
RelationshipsRelationships
1.1.An employer.An employer.
2.2.Clients.Clients.
3.3.Co-professionals.Co-professionals.
4.4.Public.Public.

2. Employer--EmployeeEmployer--Employee
Many conditions of this relationship will be Many conditions of this relationship will be
made explicit.made explicit.
SalarySalary
ResponsibilityResponsibility
DesignationDesignation
Hours of workHours of work
Some conditions are specified by law.Some conditions are specified by law.
An employee may not be required to do anything An employee may not be required to do anything
illegalillegal

3. Some conditions may be negotiated through a Some conditions may be negotiated through a
union.union.
Employees with more seniority will be preferredEmployees with more seniority will be preferred
Some conditions will not be mentioned. Some conditions will not be mentioned.
Work overtimeWork overtime
Accept your salary in script when organization gets into Accept your salary in script when organization gets into
financial troublefinancial trouble
Not agree to a dress codeNot agree to a dress code
Never to speak out publicly on political issuesNever to speak out publicly on political issues

4. Types of employeeTypes of employee
Full time employeeFull time employee
Employees who work at least 5 days a week or 40Employees who work at least 5 days a week or 40
hours per week. They get all benefits likehours per week. They get all benefits like
Vacations, bonuses, promotion etcVacations, bonuses, promotion etc
Half time employeeHalf time employee
Employees who work less than 5 days a week orEmployees who work less than 5 days a week or
40 hours per week. They do not get the full40 hours per week. They do not get the full
Benefits.Benefits.
Temporary employeeTemporary employee
Employee who work for some time. E-g substitute of employee Employee who work for some time. E-g substitute of employee
Who is on leave for some time. They do not get any benefit.Who is on leave for some time. They do not get any benefit.

5. The employer—employee relationship The employer—employee relationship
is contractual.is contractual.
Each party agrees to do certain things in exchange for Each party agrees to do certain things in exchange for
certain things.certain things.
EmployerEmployer
Agrees to pay Agrees to pay
 Provide the work environmentProvide the work environment
Must pay a decent wageMust pay a decent wage
Must be honest Must be honest

6. EmployeeEmployee
Agrees to perform certain tasksAgrees to perform certain tasks
Should be honest about his/her qualificationsShould be honest about his/her qualifications
Must do work promisedMust do work promised
Loyalty Loyalty
It has both good as well as bad aspectsIt has both good as well as bad aspects
It is a good thing as it allows people to have special It is a good thing as it allows people to have special
relationships that are extremely valuablerelationships that are extremely valuable
The bad effect of loyalty includeThe bad effect of loyalty include
9.9.Invites unfairnessInvites unfairness
10.10.It eschews reliance on good reasons It eschews reliance on good reasons
11.11.It invites irresponsibilityIt invites irresponsibility

7. Client--ProfessionalClient--Professional
It is a contractual relationship.It is a contractual relationship.
Each party provides some thing the other wants.Each party provides some thing the other wants.
Both parties agrees upon.Both parties agrees upon.
What will be done What will be done
How long will it takeHow long will it take
How much the client will payHow much the client will pay
Where the work will be doneWhere the work will be done

8. Trust Trust
It is the operative term in this relationshipIt is the operative term in this relationship
The client have to completely trust on the The client have to completely trust on the
Professional.Professional.
The client needs the knowledge, skills and The client needs the knowledge, skills and
experience of the professional.experience of the professional.
ModelsModels
Three models have been proposed to define thisThree models have been proposed to define this
Relationship.Relationship.

9. 1.1.AgencyAgency
2.2.PaternalismPaternalism
3.3.FiduciaryFiduciary
AgencyAgency
The professional is to act as an agent.The professional is to act as an agent.
The client retains all decision making authority.The client retains all decision making authority.
PaternalismPaternalism
Opposite of first model.Opposite of first model.
The client transfers all decision making authority to the The client transfers all decision making authority to the
Professional.Professional.

10. FiduciaryFiduciary
The client retain the decision making authority but The client retain the decision making authority but
make decision on the basis of the information provided make decision on the basis of the information provided
by the professional.by the professional.
In this model the decision making is shared.In this model the decision making is shared.
It is better as compared to the other two models.It is better as compared to the other two models.

11. Society--ProfessionalSociety--Professional
When professional exercise their skills their When professional exercise their skills their
activities may affects others who are neither activities may affects others who are neither
employer nor clients.employer nor clients.
This relationship is to certain extend shaped by This relationship is to certain extend shaped by
law.law.
In this framework society grants the member of In this framework society grants the member of
profession to practice their skills in exchange for profession to practice their skills in exchange for
their promise to practice in ways that serve the their promise to practice in ways that serve the
society .society .

12. In this model both parties give something and In this model both parties give something and
receive something in exchange .receive something in exchange .
SocietySociety
Gives professional permission to practice their Gives professional permission to practice their
skills.skills.
Receives the benefits of having such Receives the benefits of having such
professionals.professionals.
ProfessionalsProfessionals
Receive the right to practice.Receive the right to practice.

13. In exchange take on the burden of responsibilityIn exchange take on the burden of responsibility
For managing themselves so as to serve the For managing themselves so as to serve the
society.society.
If the professional were not committed to public If the professional were not committed to public
good it would be foolish for society to allow good it would be foolish for society to allow
them to practice.them to practice.
Another way to understand this relationship is to Another way to understand this relationship is to
returning to the idea tat the professional possess returning to the idea tat the professional possess
the special knowledge and skills.the special knowledge and skills.

14. Computer professional can be easily distinguished Computer professional can be easily distinguished
from other people in their knowledge offrom other people in their knowledge of
How computer workHow computer work
What computer can doWhat computer can do
What computer cannot doWhat computer cannot do
How to get computer to do thingsHow to get computer to do things
The knowledge carries with it responsibility to The knowledge carries with it responsibility to
make society better.make society better.
We can say that responsibility comes with the We can say that responsibility comes with the
knowledge.knowledge.

15. Professional--ProfessionalProfessional--Professional
Many professional believe that they have Many professional believe that they have
obligations to other members of the profession.obligations to other members of the profession.
They criticize each other publiclyThey criticize each other publicly
They help each other in getting jobsThey help each other in getting jobs
They testify at hearing when one of them is They testify at hearing when one of them is
being suedbeing sued

16. The special treatment one professional give to other may The special treatment one professional give to other may
at times be good and other times not.at times be good and other times not.
For exampleFor example
One of the co-professional is alcoholic and as result not One of the co-professional is alcoholic and as result not
performing good job on one hand you will be saving his performing good job on one hand you will be saving his
career by not telling anyone on other hand if you keep career by not telling anyone on other hand if you keep
his problem a secret then his employer and his clients his problem a secret then his employer and his clients
will suffer.will suffer.
Similarly when professionals get together to fix prices this Similarly when professionals get together to fix prices this
may be good for professional that they can demand may be good for professional that they can demand
higher and higher but it is bad for client who might higher and higher but it is bad for client who might
benefit from a competitive marketbenefit from a competitive market

17. The professional only unite with one another to The professional only unite with one another to
serve their shared self-interest.serve their shared self-interest.
Every professional has an interest in the reputation Every professional has an interest in the reputation
of their profession, because it affects how the of their profession, because it affects how the
individual members are perceived and treated.individual members are perceived and treated.
For exampleFor example
Even though some might get benefit from Even though some might get benefit from
Lying about the qualificationLying about the qualification
Taking bribesTaking bribes
Fudging test resultsFudging test results

18. In the long run these practices hurt the reputation In the long run these practices hurt the reputation
of the profession and all members of the of the profession and all members of the
profession hurt.profession hurt.
The client become more reluctant to use computer The client become more reluctant to use computer
system and to rely on computer experts.system and to rely on computer experts.
Obligations of one member of profession Obligations of one member of profession
to otherto other
4.4.Being honestBeing honest
5.5.Avoiding conflicts of interestAvoiding conflicts of interest
6.6.Giving credits where credit is dueGiving credits where credit is due