Programme planning.ppt

Programme planning- Definition, meaning, process

1. Lecture 4.
Programme planning –definition,
meaning, process, principles and
steps in programme planning

2. Programme
•Itisanoverall,longrangedscheduleorbroad
outlineofthingsthatneedtobedoneand
methodsofdoingthem.

3. Extension Programme -Kelsey and Hearne
•Itisastatementofsituation,objectives,
problemsandsolutions.Itisrelatively
permanentbutrequiresconstantrevision.It
formsthebasisforextensionplans.

4. Extension Programme -Leagans
•Itisasetofclearlydefined,consciously
conceivededucationalobjectivesderived
fromanadequateanalysisofthesituation,
whicharetobeachievedthroughextension
teaching.

5. Situation
•Itisastatementofaffairsthatincludesthe
cultural,social,economicandphysical
conditionsinwhichaparticulargroupof
peoplefindthemselvesatagivenperiodof
time.

6. Plan of work
•Itisanoutlineofactivitiessoarrangedasto
enableefficientexecutionoftheentire
programme.
•Planisusuallyanannualscheduleofwork.
•Itanswersthequestionsofwhat,why,when,
whereandbywhomandhowtheworkisto
bedone?

7. Project
•Itisanoutlineofprocedurepertainsonlyto
somephaseofextensionwork.
•Projectisasingleitemoftheannualplan
containingthemethodandsolutionofsingle
selectedproblem.

8. Calendar of work
•It is a plan of work arranged chronologically.
Programme
is what to do
Plan of work
is how and
when to do

9. Nature/Characteristics of Programme
Planning
•It is an educational process
•It is an unifying and integrating process
•It is a coordinating process
•It is an evaluating process

10. Scope of Programme planning
•Helpsindiscoveringandplanningthewaysfor
action.
•Givesmeaningandsystemtoactions.
•Preparesthebasisforacourseoffutureaction.
•Facilitatesdecisionmakingforthefuture.
•Signalsoutmostsignificantneeds.
•Identifiesthegapbetweenthepresentsituation
andthedesiredsituation.
•Assistsinformulationofobjectives.
•Promotesactiveinvolvementoflocalleaders.

11. Principles of Programme Planning
•shouldbebasedonananalysisofthepast
experiences,presentsituationandfuture
needs.
•shouldhaveclearandsignificantobjectives
whichcouldsatisfyimportantneedsofthe
people.
•shouldfixuppriorityonthebasisofavailable
resourcesandtime.
•shouldclearlyindicatetheavailabilityand
utilizationofresources.

12. •shouldhaveageneralagreementatvarious
levels.
•shouldinvolvepeopleatthelocallevel.
•shouldinvolverelevantinstitutionsand
organizations.
•shouldhavedefiniteplanofwork.
•shouldprovideforevaluationofresultsand
reconsiderationoftheprogramme.
•shouldprovideforequitabledistributionof
thebenefitsamongstthemembersofthe
community.

13. Objectives of Programme Planning
•toinfluencepeopletomakechangesintheir
wayoflifeandinmakingaliving.

14. Steps in Programme Planning
4. Determination
of Objectives
and Goals
5. Developing
Plan of Work
and Calendar
of Operations
6. Follow
through Plan
of Work and
Calendar of
Operations
7. Evaluation
of Progress
8. Reconsideration
and
9. Revision of the
Programme
1. Collection
of Facts
2. Analysis of
Situation
3. Identification
of Problems
Programme
Determination
Programme
Implementation

15. 1. Collection of facts
•Pertinentdatamaybecollectedfromtheavailable
recordsandbysurvey
•Informationrelatingtotheenterprises,technology,
facilitiesandconstraints,valuesetc.,
•InformationmayalsobecollectedfromPanchayats,
Cooperativesandotherorganizations
•Collectionoflengthyandtimeconsumingdatamaybe
avoidedunlessessential

16. 2. Analysis of situation
•Thedataandinformationcollectedarethen
analyzedinanunbiasedway,keepinginview
thefeelingsexpressedbytheclientsystem.
•Thisshallhelpinunderstandingthesituation
initsproperperspective.

17. 3. Identification of problems
•Correctanalysisandinterpretationofdatashallhelpusin
identifyingtheproblems.
•Theremaybemanyproblems,butonlytheurgentand
significantonesmaybesolvedwiththeavailableresources
andwithinthelimitsoftime,shouldonlybeselected.
•Selectionofalargenumberofproblemscannotbeproperly
managedandmayleadtoafailureoftheprogrammeand
generatefrustrationamongthepeople.

18. 4. Determination of objectives and goals
•Objectivesaredeterminedonthebasisofthe
significantneedsidentified.
•Objectivesshouldbedirectandstatedin
clearterms.

19. 5. Developing plan of work and calendar of
operations
The plan of work
•shouldbeinwrittenformandshallindicatewhoshall
dowhatjob
•i.e.whatthechangeagentsystemandtheclientsystem
shalldo;whichinstitutions,organizations,service
departmentsshallbeinvolved;
•whatwillbethefinancialrequirementsandhowthey
shallbemet;
•whatarrangementsshallbemadeformarketingofthe
produce,trainingofthefarmersandsoon.
•Theplanshouldhavealltheessentialdetailsandno
importantpointshouldbeleftout.

20. Thecalendarofoperations
•shallbepreparedonthebasisoftheplanofworkandshall
specifywhenaparticularworkshallbedone,preferably
mentioningdateandtime;
•howmuchquantifyofdifferentinputs,includingcreditshall
berequiredandwhentheymustbemadeavailable;
•when,whereandforhowmanydaysthefarmersshallbe
trained,whoarethespecialiststobeinvolvedintraining
andpreparingthehandouts,whenthepublicationsshallbe
readyfordistribution,etc.
•shallspecificallystatehowandwhenallthesignificant
activitiesshallbeperformed.
•Thisshouldbeatleastforoneseasonorforaperiodofone
year.Inthatcase,theymaybetermedas‘seasonalplan’or
‘annualplan’.

21. 6. Follow through plan of work and calendar of
operations
•Trainingoffarmers,communicationofinformation,
conductingmethoddemonstrations,makingregularvisits
andmonitoringaresomeoftheimportantfunctionsthe
extensionworkershallperformatthisstage.
•Theworkshallincludesolvingunforeseenproblemsand
takingcorrectivestepswhereneeded.
•Theperformanceoftheextensionworkerandthe
organizationalsupporthereceivesatthisstagemaymake
thedifferencebetweensuccessorfailureofaprogramme.
•Obtainingfeedbackinformationastowhatishappening
tothefarmersafterintroductionofnewtechnologyis
extremelyimportantatthisstage.

22. 7. Evaluation of progress
•Evaluationistheprocessofdeterminingtheextentto
whichwehavebeenabletoattainourobjectives.
•Allprogrammesmusthaveanin-builtsystemof
evaluationtoknowhowwelltheworkisdone.
•Itshouldbeacontinuousprocessnotonlytomeasure
theendresultbutalsoensurethatallthestepsare
correctlyfollowed.
•Evaluationmaybeformalorinformal,dependingon
theimportanceoftheprogrammeandalsoonthe
availabilityoftrainedman-power,funds,facilitiesand
time.

23. Steps in Programme Evaluation
•Settingupofsomestandardsorcriteriainrelation
totheobjectives
•Collectionofinformation
•Makingthejudgment,anddrawingsomeunbiased
andvalidconclusions

24. 8. Reconsideration
•Onthebasisoftheresultsofevaluation,theprogrammes
shouldbereconsidered,andrevisedifneeded.
•Thisreconsiderationshouldbedonenotonlywiththe
participants;butalsowiththescientists,administratorsin
extensionorganizationandlocalbodieslikepanchayats,etc.
•Reconsiderationshallhelpinmakingnecessarycorrections
andmodificationsintheprogramme.
•Inreconsideration,emphasisshouldbeontheremovalof
technicaldefectsifany,andhowtoobtainmorecooperation
andinvolvementoftheparticipantsandvarious
organizations.
•Thepurposeofsuchanexerciseistomaketheextension
programmemoreeffective,sothatitcanattainthe
objectivesandbringsatisfactiontothepeoplewithinthe
limitsoftime.

25. 9. Revision of the programme
•Thecrucialpointinthesuccessof
programmeplanningisproperblendingof
localexperiencewithrelevantresultsof
research.
•Thedirectandindirectconsequencesofthe
technologicalinnovationsmustberecognized
inplanningandimplementationof
technologicalchange.

26. Importance of Programme Planning
•Toincreaseproductiontomaximumpossible
extentsoastoachievehigherlevelof
nationalincomeandpercapitaincome
•tocreatemoreandmoreemployment
opportunities
•toreduceinequalitiesofincomeandwealth
andestablishaneveneconomicpowerand
toprovidesocial-justice,etc.