Progressive Era

1890-1920

1. The Progressive Era

2. Progressive Movement What were the guiding principles of Populism After Populism, citizens saw the possibilities of reform through government Populist success in local and national elections encouraged others to seek change through political action Building on Populism’s achievements and adopting some of its goals, Progressives dominated the first two decades of 1900’s.

3. First, the Progressive Era in pictures & charts…

4. Rise of the City Year Urban Population (%) Number of Cities w/ 100K+Population 1880 20% 12 1890 28 15 1900 38 18 1910 50 21 1920 68 26

5. Percentage of Women in the Labor Force Year All Women Married Women Women as % of Labor Force 1900 20.4% 5.6% 18% 1910 25.2 10.7 24 1920 23.3 9.0 24 1930 24.3 11.7 25

6. Sales of Automobiles Year Number of Cars (in Thousands) 1900 4.1 1905 24.2 1910 181.0 1915 895.9 1920 1,905.5 1925 3,735.1

7. One Day of Model T Output

8. Mothers wait in front of Margaret Sanger’s birth clinic in Brooklyn

9. Margaret Sanger gets arrested

10. The Hull House in Chicago, est. 1889

11. Woman suffrage parade in NYC, 1912

12. “Putting the Screws on Him,” 1904 President Roosevelt squeezing ill-gotten gains out of the trusts

13. President Roosevelt w/ John Muir in Yosemite Valley, 1906

14. Roots of Progressivism National Woman’s Suffrage Association American Bar Association National Municipal League These are examples of some of the groups that rallied citizens around a cause or profession Gave legitimacy to professions Most of these groups’ members were educated and middle class

15. Muckrakers Journalists who wrote exposes of corporate greed and misconduct TR came up with this term Lincoln Steffens: The Shame of the Cities Ida Tarbell: History of Standard Oil Upton Sinclair: The Jungle Ida B. Wells: Anti-lynching

16. Lewis Hine

17. Compare to 1830’s? This reform was considered very similar to the reform movement of the 1830’s, in that those people campaigned for public enlightenment on the plight of orphans, prostitutes, and those held in mental institutions

18. Reformers W.E.B. DuBois Headed the NAACP Quest for racial justice It was an uphill battle that was so strenuous that, after a lifelong struggle, DuBois abandoned the US and moved to Africa

19. Reformers Margaret Sanger Feminist Movement Faced great opposition for promoting the use of contraceptives They had been considered illegal in most places Eventually, suffrage was granted to women in 1920 with the passing of the 19 th Amendment

20. Reformers Robert LaFollette Wisconsin Governor, “ Fightin ’ Bob” The “Wisconsin Idea”: Direct primary Progressive taxation Initiative: voters can propose new laws Referendum: public can vote on new laws Recall: elections that gave voters power to remove officials from office before their terms expired

21. Robert La Follette Governor of Wisconsin, 1901-1906 U.S. Senate, 1906-1925

22. Other Progressive Gains State level reform: Limit work day hours Minimum wage requirements Child labor laws Urban housing codes Progressive income taxes helped redistribute the nation’s wealth

23. Teddy Roosevelt Expected to be conservative due to being McKinley’s VP, but was not! Most prominent Progressive leader First to use the Sherman Antitrust Act successfully against monopolies Aka the “Trustbuster” Also tightened food and drug regulations, created national parks, among other things

24. Theodore Roosevelt

25. Taft Not known as much as TR, but did a lot for Progressivism During his time as President, he pushed two amendments through: One instituting a national income tax Another allowing for direct election of senators Taft pursued monopolies even more aggressively than TR!

26. Wilson The last of the Progressive Presidents Created the Federal Trade Commission Lobbied for and enforced the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 Created the Federal Reserve This gave the gov’t greater control over the nation’s finances The 19 th Amendment was passed during his term

27. Woodrow Wilson

28. End of Progressivism Lasted through WWI War made reformers and rest of nation tired of fighting The Red Scare split the Progressives by dividing those on the “left” from those in the center

29. Summary Progressive movement achieved many of its goals Over time, it lost support of the interest groups whose ends it had met Many historians argue that the Progressive movement was brought to an end by its own success! There were no more crusades left to fight for!