Progressive Era about America's land grab

Progressive Era

1. The Progressive Era United States History Chapter Seven Mr. A.A. Granado

2. To correspond with chapter seven from the “ Gateway to U.S. History” textbook. SS. 912.A.3.2 Examine the social, political, and economic causes of the second Industrial Revolution that began in the 19 th century. SS.912.A.3.6 Analyze changes that occurred as the United States shifted from agrarian to an industrial society. SS.912. A.3.8 Examine the importance of social change and reform in the 19 th and early 20 th centuries. These include class system, migration from farms to cities, Social Gospel Movement, role of settlement houses and churches in providing services to the poor. SS.912.A.3.10 Review different economic and philosophic ideologies. SS. 912.A.3.11 Analyze the impact of political machines in the United States cities in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. SS.912.A.3.12 Compare how different governmental organizations and progressives worked to shape public policy, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life. SS. 912.A.3.13 Examine key events and peoples in Florida history as they relate to United States history.

3. Roots of the Progressive Movement The Reform Tradition. The Legacy of Populism. The Problems of Industrial Society. The Influence of the Middle Class.

4. The Reform Tradition and the legacy of Populism. The reform tradition in America was based on the believe that society could be improved and made better by the actions of both individuals as well as government. Americans wanted to right social injustices.

5. The Problems of Industrial Society. The rise of industry brought progress, but also many ills to American society. Brutal working conditions. What do you think the cartoon on your right is illustrating?

6. The Influence of the Middle Class Unlike the earlier reform movement called populism which was mainly made up of farmers, the Progressives were urban, educated, middle class people conscious of the need for reforming society.

7. A Middle Class Revolution in Values Progressives felt that the rise of big business as well as organized labor had closed the door to individual opportunity. Fairness and equal opportunity was not to be found when monopolies and Robber Barons were in charge.

8. Progressives and the revolution in values. But Progressives were not against capitalism or big business. They just wanted more government regulation of business in America and a role for the middle class in the running of the nation.

9. The Social Gospel Movement. Middle class Progressives tended to be rather religious. They often felt that it was their Christian duty to help out and combat corruption, injustice and poverty. The Salvation Army was formed by such people.

10. The Gospel of Wealth. Andrew Carnegie, who at one point was the wealthiest man in the world, wrote what came to be known as the “Gospel of Wealth”. It stated that the wealthy had a responsibility to give back to the nation.

11. The Temperance Movement. There were many reform movements during this era. One of the most important groups was the Temperance movement which wanted to do away with the production and consumption of alcohol in America.

12. New Forms of Journalism Rose during this era. Newspapers and magazines reached more Americans than ever before. Large companies took advantage of this and the industry of advertizing took shape. Americans bought from companies that mass produced their products.

13. Rising Consumer Consciousness.

14. Capitalism would be challenged by different political and social groups. American Socialists were led by union organizer Eugene Debs. He was not a fan of Capitalism. He believed that government should take over basic industries and he wanted to limit the wealth of the most wealthy Americans.

15. The Anarchists. The Anarchists believed that the country should be broken up into self governing communities. Many of these were immigrants, some were violent. The Unions would be associated with this movement and would lose the backing of the American public.

16. The Communists The Communists believed in the workers taking control of the means of production from the owners by violent means and revolution. They wanted to abolish private property. (ex. Cuba, USSR, Red China)

17. Progressives support women and workers. The Progressives generally rejected the Socialists, the Anarchists, and certainly the Communists. But they did support the right of workers to organize and the right of women to vote.

18. The Muckrakers

19. Investigative Journalism. The first influential Progressives were journalists and writers called Muckrakers because they racked through the muck and dirt of American life exposing the problems of American society.

20. Social Reformers Some Progressives were outraged at the injustices of the industrial age. One was Jane Addams who created Hull House in Chicago. She was a middle class educated lady who was dedicated to the welfare of the poor.

21. Hull House The purpose of the settlement houses was to help out the immigrants and the poor who lived in the slums and ghettos. They provided childcare, nursing, English classes, and other services. At one point there would be over 400 settlement houses like Hull House in the United States.

22. Other Progressive Movements. The American Bar Association. Regulates the licensing and behavior of attorneys. The National Women’s Suffrage Association. Pushed for equal rights for women. The NAACP. The Anti-Defamation League.

23. Municipal Reform to clean up corruption in government. Municipal refers to the town or city level of government. Some city governments were controlled by political machines which were for the most part corrupt. A good example is “Tammany Hall” in New York City, run by Boss Tweed.

24. The tiger of corruption dominated city government in New York .

25. Progressives replaced the rule of the bosses with public minded progressive mayors. Some of the reforms were: A. The use of a city commission. B. The use of a city manager. Both of these tactics took the power out of the hands of a corrupt and powerful “boss”. At the state level, Progressives also elected state legislators and officials who promoted reforms. Their battles would be against the interests of big business.

26. Robert La Follette , governor of Wisconsin was a Progressive . La Follette broke the power of the political machine in Wisconsin as well as the power of the railroads by taxing them the same as one would any other property. He started regulatory commissions to regulate public utilities and conserve the environment.

27. There were other reformers. Both of these men would become Presidents of the U.S. Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson

28. Political Reforms 1. Secret ballot. Voters mark their ballots in private. 2. Initiative. Voters could directly introduce bills into the state legislature. 3. Referendum. Voters could repeal a law already passed by the legislature. 4. Recall. Elected officials could be recalled by the voters. 5. Direct primary. Party members select party nominees. 6. Direct Election of Senators. The 17 th amendment gave the voters the power to directly elect senators.

29. One of the most powerful movements of this era was the women’s movement. Suffragete .

30. Social Economic Reforms States enacted new laws to deal with social and economic problems resulting from uncontrolled industrialization. Urban housing, child labor, unsafe working conditions, low wages, etc…

31. In 1911 the Triangle Shirtwaist fire caused the deaths of 146 female workers. The emergency exits had been locked. The government enacted safety laws to protect workers.

32. The actions of state reformers was limited by the U.S. Supreme Court . Lochner v. New York. The Supreme Court ruled that a law limiting the working hours of bakers to 60 per week was unconstitutional. Muller v. Oregon. The Supreme Court upheld a law that stated that the working hours for women could be limited because it could endanger their health.

33. Susan B. Anthony. 1820 to 1906 Born a Quaker in Massachusetts, Susan B. Anthony was a tireless worker for the rights of women. She was the founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association. One of the most outstanding feminists in American History.

34. Florence Kelly 1859 to 1932 Florence Kelly was a prominent and well educated social reformer. She lived in Hull House in Chicago. Became chief of the factory inspectors in Illinois. One of the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. (NAACP)

35. Carrie Chapman Catt 1859 to 1947 Carrie Chapman Catt. A close friend of Susan B. Anthony, she was the founder of the League of Women’s Voters. A pacifist, she was one of the first to protest the treatment of Jews by the Nazis in the 1930s.

36. Alice Paul 1885 to 1977 She was the daughter of wealthy Quakers. Well educated ,she had a Ph.D as well as a law degree. A militant feminist she picketed the White House in 1917. In 1923 she proposed the Equal Rights Amendment.

37. The Progressive Presidents