Project on Energy Conservation

This project is published only for reference.

1. ASSAMENGINEERINGCOLLEGE,JALUKBARI,GUWAHATI-13
ENERGYCONSERVATION
AMUSTFORBETTERFUTURE

2. ENERGYCONSERVATIONAMUSTFORBETTERFUTURE
SUBMITTEDTO:DRMONIDEEPACHAKRABORTTY
SUBMITTEDBY:B.E.SECONDSEMESTER,SECTION:-A
ASSAMENGINEERINGCOLLEGE
JALUKBARI,GUWAHATI-13,ASSAM

3. ABSTRACT
Energyconservationreferstoreducingenergyconsumptionthroughusinglessofan
energyservice.Eventhoughenergyconservationreducesenergyservices,itcanresultin
increasedenvironmentalquality,nationalfinancialsecurityandhighersavings.Onalargescale,
energyconservationisanimportantelementofenergypolicy.Energyconservationisoftenthe
mosteconomicalsolutionofenergyshortages.Energyconservationisunquestionablyofgreat
importancetoallofus,sincewerelyonenergyforeverythingwedoeverysingleday.Energy
suppliedarelimitedandtomaintainagoodqualityoflife,wemustuseenergywisely.
Energyconservationreferstothemethodsofreductioninenergyconsumptionbywayof
eliminationofwastageandpromotionofefficiency.Weknowthatduetothevastgapbetween
demandandsupply,lotofeffortsisbeingdonetobridgethegapintermsofgenerationofmore
electricity,whichrequiresalotofinvestmentandcreatelotsofenvironmentalissues.
Energyconservationisthekeyelementofenergymanagement.Wecanreducethe
energyconsumptionbyadoptingvariouswaysofenergyconservationwhichincludesefficient
useoftechnologiesandavoidingenergywastages.

4. ENERGYCONSERVATION
INTRODUCTION:
EnergyConservationmeansenergypreventionfrombeingwasted.Energyconservation
meansenhancingefficiencyofenergyconsumptionthroughoutasociety.Itisnothingbutthe
fullutilizationofenergywithoutbeingwasted.Itcanbeachievedbyusingenergymore
efficiently.Energyconservationreducestheneedforenergyservicesandcanresultinincreased
environmentalquality,savingsetc.Energyconservationisrequiredinourdailylifeforourbetter
futurealongwiththeupcominggenerations.Energyconservationdoesn’timpliesthesavingsof
money,butmeansmorethanthesavingsofmoney.Itisrequiredforourbetterstandardofliving.
Newenergycanbeconservedinmanydifferentlevels.Therateatwhichenergyisbeing
consumedhasbecomestaggeringlyhighanduncountable.Itcanbestartedwithourownhome.
Athomesimpleactionsliketurningoffthelightsandunpluggingcomputersorturningoff
televisioncanhelpustoreduceourconsumptionandtherebyconsumeenergy.Installing
thermostattechnologyisanothermeansofsavingenergyandidentifyingthegadgetsand
appliancesthataredrawingpowerfromtheoutletsevenwhennotinuse.
Atcommerciallevel,updatesolderbuildingswithnew,moreefficienttechnologycan
helptoreducetheamountsofefficiencyrequiredtopowerabusiness.Energyconservationisa
processusedtoreducethequantityofenergythatisusedfordifferentpurposes.Byreducing
emissions,energyconservationisanimportantmethodtopreventclimatechange.Energy
conservationmakesiteasiertoreplacenon-renewableresourceswithrenewableenergy.
Althoughenergyconservationhasplayedanimportantroleinimprovingtheenergy
efficiencyofforestindustriesintheindustrializedworld,ithasreceivedlessattentionbythose
industriesinthedevelopingcountries.Forthesecountries,energyconservationwouldbe
especiallyimportantsincemostofthemspendlargeamountsofvaluableforeigncurrencyon
theirfuelimports.Increasedenergyefficiencywouldalsoreducetheirmanufacturingcosts.
Agrowingawarenessastotheimportanceofreducingenergyconsumptionisbecoming
widespreadthroughouttheindustryofdevelopedcountries,resultinginconservationmeasures
beingadoptedthroughcapitalexpenditure,managementinvolvementandimprovedplant
operationandmaintenance.However,bytheverynatureofthemechanicalforestindustries,in
whichnotwomillsarealike,combinedwiththediversityofrawmaterialsandproducts,the
applicationsandresultsofenergyconservationmeasureswillvaryaccordingtoindividual
circumstances.However,thecloserelationshipofenergycostsandprofitmarginsiscommonto
mostmills,inwhichimprovedenergyefficiencymaybedirectlyrelatedtoimprovedprofits.

5. CLASSIFICATIONOFENERGY:
Energyweuseinourdaytodaylifeisclassifiedonthebasisofavailability,
conventionalityandrenewability.
Onthebasisofavailabilityenergysourcecanbeclassifiedas:
a)PrimaryEnergyResources:TheseenergySourcearedirectlyobtainedfromtheenvironment.
Itincludes-
i)Fossilfuelsuchascoal,naturalgas.
ii)Nuclearfuelssuchasuranium.
iii)Hydroenergy.
iv)SolarEnergy.
v)WindEnergy.
vi)Geo-thermalEnergy.
vii)Oceanenergysuchastidalenergy,waveEnergy.
viii)Biomassenergysuchasgobargas.
ix)HydrogenEnergy.
b)SecondaryEnergyResources:Thesearederivedfromtheprimaryenergyresourcewhich
includes:
i)Petrol,diesel,keroseneoil.
ii)CNGandLPG.
Onthebasisofconventionalityinderivingenergy,energysourcecanbeclassifiedas:
a)ConventionalEnergyResources:Itincludescoal,oil,andnaturalgas.
b)NonConventionalEnergyResource:
Itincludes-
i)SolarEnergy.
ii)WindEnergy.
iii)Geo-thermalEnergy.
iv)Bio-MassEnergy.
Onthebasisofrenewabilityenergyresourcecanbeclassifiedas:
a)RenewableEnergyResources:ItholdsfavourablefutureprospectnotonlyforIndiabutalso
fortheworld.Theseeco-friendlyenergyresourcehavethegreatestpotentialtosubstitutethe
depletingnon-renewableenergyresourcesasalternativesourceofenergyinthelongrun.It
includes-solar,windandgeo-thermalenergy.
b)NonRenewableEnergyResources:OilandNaturalGasoccupythefirstpositionintionin
producingenergytomankind.Buttheselimitedresourcesareonthevergeofduetotheir
massiveutilisation.Sointhenearfuture,thesenon-renewableenergysourcesshouldbereplaced
byrenewableenergyresources.

6. SomeothersourcesofEnergy:
a)FossilfuelbasedEnergy-i)CoalEnergy
ii)PetroleumorCrudeOil.
Fossilfuelsarefuelfoundinsidetheearth'scrustwheretheyhaveformedthroughheat
andcompressionofwasteandorganicmatterwhichgotburiedduetoearthquake,landslideetc.
fore.g-coal,petroleum,andnaturalgas.
Coalisthemostabundantlyfoundfossilfuelintheworld.Itaccountsto70%ofthetotal
energyoftheworld.InIndiaabout58%ofcommercialenergyisobtainedfromcoaland38%
frompetroleumandnaturalgas.
b)SolarEnergy-Itisarenewablesourceofenormousenergy,availableataverylow-cost.
SolarEnergyisreceivedintheformofcosmicradiationswhichthenconvertedintoelectrical
energybysolarpanels.TodayinIndiaproductionofSolarEnergyisgivenutmostimportance.
ThestateofGujratiscurrentlymanufacturingthelargestsolarproductioncentrewhichwillbe
capableofprovidingenergytoanentiretownorcity.
c)BiomassEnergy-Biomassenergyorbiomassconversionreferstothedirectburningofwood,
agriculturalwaste,manureandconvertingthemtofuel.Biomassenergyshouldbepreferred
whereverenergycanbeproducedasabyproductofwastedisposal.
d)HydrogenEnergy-Itiscurrentlyregardedasafuelforfuture.Ashydrogenburnsinair,it
combineswithO2toformwaterandalargeamountofenergyisreleased.Duetoitshigh
calorificvalue,hydrogenservesasanexcellentfuel.Moreoveritisalsonon-polluting.However
hydrogenishighlyinflammableandexplosiveinnature.Itrequiressafehandlingwhenusedas
afuel.
e)HydroelectricEnergy-Itisthecleanest,cheapestandbestsourceofelectricitygeneration.It
isatypeofrenewableenergyresource.Itisobtainedfromtheenergyofflowingwater,whichis
thenconvertedintoelectricalenergybyturbines.Itisthentransmittedthroughlongdistancesby
wiresandcables.

7. IMPORTANCEOFCONSERVATIONOFENERGY
Therateatwhichenergyisbeingconsumedhasbecomestaggeringlyhighand
uncontrollable.Now-a-days,peoplepreferusingmotorizedvehiclestocoveradistancewhich
wouldtakeawere30minutesonfootormaybe15minutesonabicycle.Anotherclassic
example:chargingcellphonesforhoursandhoursevenaftertheygetfullycharged.Wehave
limitedresourcesavailableonearth.Ourdemandsarecontinuouslyincreasingdaybyday.Itis
possiblethatsomedaymostofthenon-renewableresourceswillbeexhaustedandwewillhave
toswitchovertoalternateenergy.Conservingenergyleadstoreducepollution.
1)Conservationcansaveyoumoney.Thisisoneofthebiggestreasonsmaybeganto
cultivateacultureofconservation,however,asmoreandpeoplelearn,itiscertainlynottheonly
reason.
2)Lesselectricityusedmeanslessfossilfuelsburned.It’struethatwecanobtain
electricityfromcleanersourcesofenergysuchaswindandsolarpower,butmuchofthe
electricitythatweuseisstillfromsourcessuchasoil-mineralsandcoal.Fossilfuelsarenot
renewablesourcesandthemoreelectricityweconsumed,thefastertheseresourceswillbe
depleted.
3)Fossilfuelsarenotacleansource,ofenergyeither.Conservationofelectricalenergy
canhelptolessenpollutionandreducegreenhousegasemission.
4)Aspartofthebigpicture,conservationcanalsohelptoreducetheriskofoilspellsand
thethreatsthatcoalandoilprocurementposetoourecosystem.
5)Wesavethecountryalotofmoneywhenwesaveenergy.Wehaveenergyabout75%
ofourcrudeoilneedsaremetfromimportswhichwouldcastaboutRs.1,50,000coreperyear.
6)Wesaveourenergywhenwesaveenergy.Whenweusefuelwoodefficiently,our
fuelwoodrequirementsarelowerandsoisourdrudgeryforitscollection.
7)Energysavedisenergygenerated.Whenwesaveaunitofenergy,itisquivalentto2
unitsofenergyproduce.Sincewearenotcapableofproducingenergytillnow,wemustsave
energyforthewellbeingofourselveswiththeenvironment.
8)Energyshouldbeconservetoreducepollution.Energyproductionanduseaccountto
largeproportionofairpollutionandmorethan83%ofgreenhousegasemission.
9)Impactontheenvironment:Theforemostreasonbehindthenecessityofenergy
conservationisrelatedtoourenvironment.Themorefossilfuelsareburned,themoreour
environmentishitbypollution.Evenswitchingoffabulbwhennotinuse;helpinreducingthe
consumptionofsomefuelsources,whichisburnttoproducethatkilowatt/hourofenergy.Now,
thisfuelsourcemaybefossilfuels,nuclearpower,coalplantsoralternativeenergy.Fans,

8. televisions,refrigeratorsandseveralotherelectronicequipmentsdealinconservingenergy,but
alsoinprotectingtheenvironment.
10)Socio-economicimpact:Energyconservationisimportantevenwithregardtosocial
impactoncountriesandcommunities.Itiscertainthateconomicstandardsaretheoneswhich
havebettereconomicstandardsaretheoneswhichtendtoutilizemoreenergythanothers.So,
beingconsciousandwiseintheuseofenegyproveshelpfultoothercountriesandcommunities
forachievingthesame.
11)Effectonfuturegeneration:Ifweliveasideallthosepoints,themostimportant
reasonthatweshoulduseourenergysourceswiselyisrelatedtoourfuturegenerations.
Conservingenergyisequivalenttosayingagooddealoffortuneforourkidsandtheir
generations.Itwouldbeunfairtocommentthatthehumanraceisutilizingallpossibleenergy
sourcesdayinanddayout.Unfairbecauseofthetechnologyandpopulationontherise,the
utilizationofenergyissomethingwhichisinevitable.Butenergymustbeusedonlywhenitis
required.

9. HOWWECONSERVEENERGY
Energyconservationhasbecomevitaltoprotectnotonlytheresourcesandthe
environmentbutalsothepeoplearoundus,asourdependenceontheseresourceshasincreased
eversorapidly.Itisimportanttobeenergyconsciousandmakeeveryeffortstoconserveenergy.
Here,wediscussaboutsomeenergyconservableprocessesandtechniquesrelatedtovarious
usualperhaps.
CONSERVEENERGYINTHEKITCHEN
Usemicrowaveovens
Microwaveovensuse50%lessenergythanconventionalelectric/gasstove.Besides
beingenergyefficient,cookingorheatinginmicrowavescansaveupto45%ofcookingtime.
Whilecooking,don'tpreheatoropentheovendoortopeekinsidetheovenmorethannecessary,
asitexpelsoutalltheheat,therebyincreasingthecookingtime.
Placetherefrigeratorawayfromdirectsunlight
Placingyourrefrigeratorindirectsunlightwillmakeitandthefoodstuffinsidehot,
therebyrequiringmoreenergytocoolthefoodstuffsinside.Also,ensurethatyouclosethedoor
assoonasyoufinishaddingstufforremovingthemfromyourfridge.Thishelpsmaintainthe
temperatureinside.
Settherefrigeratoratapropertemperature
Settherefrigeratortemperatureatabout38degreesFahrenheitforfreshfood
compartment,andyourfreezerat0to5degreesFahrenheit.Defrostyourfreezeroftensothat
thereisnofrostbuildupinsideit.Frostincreasestheenergyconsumptionformaintainingthe
temperatureinsidetherefrigerator.Also,cleanyourfridgeregularly.Cleanthecoilsbehindthe
refrigeratorwithvacuumsordusters.Thiswillhelpconserveenergy.
Checkforfeaturesindishwashers
Whilebuyingadishwasher,lookforenergysavingfeatureslikeashortwashcycle,
whichsaveswaterandtheenergyusedtopumpandheatit.Whilewashingdishes,scrapeoffthe
foodfromthedishesandputthemintothedishwasherinsteadofpre-washingthemusingthe
pre-rinsecycle.Ifyourdishwasherhasafilterscreen,ensurethatyouarecleaningitoften
becauseacleanapplianceoperatesmoreefficient.

10. Conservetheenergyintherestofthehouse
Maintainairconditionersregularly
Improvetheefficiencyofair-conditioningunitsbycleaningandreplacingtheairfilter
regularly.Dirtyfiltersrestrictairflow,causingthesystemtorunharderandlonger.Thisresults
inincreaseduseofenergy.
Usewashingmachinesefficiently
About80%ofenergyisconsumedtocompleteawashingcycleevenwhenthemachine
ishalf-loaded.So,usethemachineonlywhenitisfullyloaded.Washclothesincoldorwarm
waterinsteadofhotwater,unlesstheclothesareverydirty.Thiscansaveyoubothenergyand
money.Choosethehighestspinspeedwhenwashingclothes.Ithelpsreducingtheenergy
neededtodryingclothes.Buyafront-loadingwashingmachineastheysavemuchwaterand
energycomparedtothetop-loadingone.
Setyourthermostat
Alwayslowerthethermostatsettingwhilegoingtobedandbeforeleavingthehouse.It
willbringdownyourenergybillswithoutyoucompromisingonyourcomfort.Duringwinter,set
yourthermostattoaround68degreesorlessandinsummers,setitataround78degreestosave
onheatingcosts.
Insulateyourhome
Insulatingthewalls,ceilingsandfloorinsulationwillkeepwarmthinsidehomesduring
thewintermonthsandheatoutduringthesummer.Suringsummers,insulationresistsheatflow
andpreventshotairfromenteringyourhome.Duringwinters,itpreventsheattoescapeoutside
fromyourhome.
UseCFLbulbs
CFLbulbshavebecomepopularandarepreferredovertraditionallightbulbs,dueto
theirlongevity.Thereasonforthisis,peopleareabletosavesubstantiallyontheirenergybills
byusingthem,astheseCFLbulbsuse70-90%lessenergythanregularlightbulbs.
Checkdampers
Whenyouuseroomheaters,ensurethatthedampersareswitchedoffbecausedampers
workagainsttheheater,andhence,moreenergyisrequiredtoheattheroom.Duringsummer,
usetheairconditionerinthefanmodesothattheenergyconsumptionreduces.

11. Removeplugsafteruse
Batterychargersofelectronicdevicesdrawpowerevenwhenleftunattended.These
devicesconsumeahugeamountofenergy,andtheresultissheerwastageofpower.After
chargingiscomplete,pulltheplugandsaveenergy.
Usegeyserstotheextentrequired
Geysersconsumealotofelectricity.Theyshouldbeusedtoheatonlythatamountof
waterthatisrequired.
Switchoffnotstand-by
Keepingyourcomputeron24X7canbeahugeenergyconstraint.Instead,thecomputer
canbeswitchedofforleftinthestand-bymode,whichabsorbs70%lesspowerthaninworking
mode.Thesamecanbedonetoyourotherelectronicorelectricalappliances.
CONSERVEENERGYOUTSIDETHEHOUSE
Usepublictransport
Usingofmassrapidtransit,insteadofacar,mayhelptoagreatextentincontrollingair
pollution.Lessernumberofvehiclesontheroadwouldleadtolesserdemandforgas,notto
mentionthereductioninemissionofharmfulgases.
Optforacarpool
Youcanalsosavegasbyoptingforacarpoolratherthanusingyourcarandconsume
fourtimesmoregasthanyouactuallyneedto.Ithasbeenfoundoutthatcarpoolingwithabout
threepeoplehashelpedincuttingemissionsby75%.
Driveatoptimumspeed
Donotwastefuelbydrivingathighspeeds.Ithasbeenobserved,thatthefasteryou
drive,themoregasolineisconsumed.Drivingataspeedof65mphratherthan55mph,whichis
theaveragedrivingspeed,reducesthefueleconomyleadingtoexcessgasconsumption.
Checktirepressureregularly
Thisisanotherwaytosavefuelandsubsequentlyenergy.Youneedtomaintaintire
pressureofthecarregularly.Atirewithlessormorethanoptimumairpressurecanreducegas
mileage,leadingtowastage,especiallyforlongdistancetravel.

12. SECONDARYWAYSTOCONSERVEENERGY
Planttrees
Ifyouplantevenasingletree,itwillabsorbonetonofcarbondioxideoveritslifetime.It
providesshadethatcanreduceyourutilitybillsbyabout15%.
ChooseEnergyStarappliances
Whenplanningtobuyanewappliances,choosetobuyenergysavingoneswithan
EnergyStarlabel,tocutdownonenergyconsumption.ThoughEnergyStarlabelappliances
maycostmorethanregularones,inthelongerrun,theyhelpyousaveonyourutilitybills.
Switchtorenewablesources
Inordertocombatglobalwarming,weneedtoswitchovertorenewableresourcessuch
aswindandsolarenergytocutdownontheexcessenergyconsumptionbyregularappliances.
Recyclewaste
Withhumanpopulationincreasingdaybyday,thereishugeconcernaboutthe
availabilityofnaturalresourcesandwhetherthereareenoughtocatertothedemand.Toease
this,theconceptofrecyclingcanbeadopted,whichisaprocessofreusingtheitemsfromwhich
utilitycanbederived.Manyitemslikepaper,cardboard,andplasticcanberecycledinorderto
reducedemandforresources.
Besidessavingenergyinalltheseways,weshouldalsolookforalternativesourcesof
energy,likesolarpower,ifnotallenergyneeds,butafewcandefinitelybesupportedbysolar
power,andifeveryhomefollowsandimplementsthesesuggestions,wewoulddefinitelydoing
ourbittomakeourplanetabetterplacetolivein.

13. ROLEOFSOCIETYINTHECONSERVATIONOFENERGY:
Recyclecompositingwastematerialsintonewproductstopreventwasteofpotentially
usefulmaterials.
Turnoffalltheelectronicdevicesthatarenotinuse.Notonlyturnoffbuttryto
remembertounplugthem.Youwillbesurprisedhowmuchyouwillsavewiththis
simplestep.
Replaceoldlightbulbswithenergysavingfluorescentbulbs.Theymaycostmore,but
willsaveyoumuchmoreinthelongrun.
AtHome:
Weshouldnotkeeplightsunnecessarilyswitchon.
Reducetheenergyyourappliancesconsumebyanalyzingstarratings.
Improveyourwaterheatingefficientlytoreduceenergycosts.
AtPublicPlaces:
Switchoffthefansandlightsintheplaceslikebusstopsandrailwaystationswhen
notnecessary.
Switchoffthestreetlights.
Bighoardings,lightenedupforthewholeeveningandnightsareotherwastageof
powerwhichcanbeandshouldbeavoided.
ConservationofEnergyinVariousLevels:
1)Energyconservationathouseholdlevel
Conservationinrefrigerator
Conservationinmicro-wave
Conservationincooking
Switchingofflights,fans
UsingenergyefficientlightslikeLED’s
2)Energyconservationatcommunitylevel
Computers,monitors,photocopiesandotherbusinessequipmentsshouldbesettotheir
energysavingmode
Skylightshouldbeusedforwarehouses
Weshouldensurethatofficeshavingairconditionshaveproperwindowsandalldoors
areclosedwhentheairconditionerisinuse.

14. 3)Useofrenewableenergyresources:
Alternativeresourcesie;renewableenergysourcesshouldbeusedinplaceofnon-
renewableenergysourcese.g.-Solarenergy,windenergy
Solarenergyforcookingandheatingshouldbepromoted
Projectsinvolvingwindgeneratedenergyforcommunityandmunicipalneedsshouldbe
demonstratedtothewholecommunity.

15. CONCLUSION
Inthiseraofliving,thereisagreatneedforenergyconservation.Theworldismoving
towardsenergysustainabilityleadingtosustainabledevelopment.Everyhomeandsocietyis
thinkingaboutthere-establishmentofitsconnectionwithnature.Anenergyefficienthomeisa
personalsteptowardsthedirectionofrenewableenergy,environmentalprotection,and
sustainableliving.
Bydoingthisproject,Iwasabletoconcludealotofthings.Myhypothesiswasright.
Reducingusageandswitchingsomeusagetooff-peakhoursdoesmakeadifference.Wemust
saveelectricitybyturningoflightsthatweren’tbeingused.Theconservingsocietywasableto
saveevenmorebyusingfluorescentbulbsandbyturningofflightsandappliances.Ilearneda
lotofthingswhiledoingthisproject.Ilearnedthemeaningofenergyconservation,howto
conserveenergyandwhytoconserveenergy.
Indaytodaylife,energyconservationhasabigroletoplay.Itcanleadtodecreasein
pollution.Italsoleadstoabetterenvironment.Again,sincethefossilfuelsarenotunlimited,so
mustsavealltheseforthefuturegeneration.So,energyconservationplaysabigroleinthis
aspect.
Again,energyconservationhassavedtheneedformanypowerplantsandfuelimports.It
hasalsoavoidedCO2andenvironmentalpollution.Whenwesaveenergy,wealsosavemoney.
Foritreducesthedemandforfossilfuelslikecoal,oilandnaturalgases.
Since,energyisashortsupplyinIndia,andisexpensive,especiallyforindustry.
Managementofenergysourcesisanimportantpartofpowersystem.So,astosavenatural
resources,theconservationofenergyhastobedoneatdifferentlevels,i.e.atsocialand
commerciallevels.Morerenewableresourcescanbeusedatconsumerlevelforenergy
conservation.Itismoreimportanttoprovideeducationregardingenergyconservationtothe
generalmass.
Thus,weshouldstartsavingenergywhereverweare,athome,atschool,atworkandin
theneighbourhood.Thus,theearthaplacethat’sconvenientandsustainableforourfuture
generationsomeday.So,wecansaythatenergyconservationcanimprovethepossibilitiesof
energyfulfillment.
“EnergyConservationisthefoundationofEnergyIndependent.”---TomAllen
-AmericanPolitician

16. REFERENCES:
1/TheVisualHandbookOfEnergyConservation:AComprehensiveGuideToReducingEnergy
UseAtHome(CharlesWing,2013)
2/EnergyEfficientandEnvironmentalLandscaping(1993)
3/WinningOurEnergyIndependence(S.DavidFreeman,2007)
4/https://helpsavenature.com/why-conserving-energy-is-important
5/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_conservation