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1. GOVT.POLYTECHNIC DIRANG PRESENTATION ON IMPROVEMENT OF TRADITIONAL MONPA HOUSE BY RETRO-FITTING METHOD SUBMITTED BY Nabam Nagung Sajan Sangchoju Toko Loma SUBMITTED TO SANGE TSERING BAPU (COURSE COORDINATOR) SUBMITTED TO Sange Tsering Bapu (Course coordinator)

2. ABSTRACT This traditional house are generally constructed by the one of the major tribes of Arunachal Pradesh who are known as Monpa . They have been constructing these type of houses since more than 500-600 years ago . These houses are mainly constructed by using stone masonry with mud mortar. The process of construction of the house is almost similar to that of the RCC building, difference is only the materials used in the construction. Therefore, the main objectives of project work are to provide the house with certain special improvements i.e. enlarge the dimensions of interior parts of the house ,construction of some extra bedrooms ,modification of a kitchen with providing a chimney above the fireplace(heart) and providing lights on the attic floor etc.  

3. TAB LE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Plan of the House 3. Sub-structures of the house 4. Elevation & Superstructures 5. Attic Floor & Roofing 6. Conclusion 7. References

4. INTRODUCTION Stone masonry is a type of building masonry construction that uses stones and mortar, which is classified into different types based on its method of construction. One of the most common method is rubble masonry. Rubble masonry is one of the most common type of stone masonry used in construction, virtue of which the execution of work becomes easier and increase the pace of construction. Therefore , we preferred ruble masonry with mud mortar in this construction.

5. STONES/LUNG Scientifically the stones used in the construction are ranging from very hard granite materials to very soft sandstone. The advantage of using granite is- it can resist freezing and thawing effects. They are obtained from mountains and stones collected in river bank is not used in this masonry construction.  

6. MUD The mud is obtained from the mountain by manually excavation of red soil which has good adhesive and cohesive property. After obtaining the red soil, it is mixed with water in a suitable proportion for half and hour(approx).Then, mud mortar is formed.

7. 2. PLAN OF THE HOUSE Verandah =12x2m Hall(living room)=12x5m Bedroom(I)=4x4m Bedroom(II)=5x4m washroom = 1.5x3m Thickness of wall = 0.50m Doors =1.2mx2.1m Windows=1mx1m

8. PLAN OF MODEL

9. 3. SUB-STRUCTURES OF THE HOUSE In primitive method of housing, this type of house was not provided with base course, which leads to settlements incase of major earthquake. Therefore, we have excavated before laying the base course. Excavation is a process of cutting of the earth for laying foundation. The depth of the excavation of our house is one foot(1ft) which is suitable for house with only ground floor .

10. STONE BASE COARSE After excavation, we laid stone base course of two layers of different sizes and shapes in order to fill the voids formed among the stones. Stone base course is provided to support the foundation of the traditional Monpa house which will help the superstructures to withstand the settlements occur due to the seismic waves.

11. FOUNDATION Foundation was laid upon the stone base course. In this retrofitting construction the structures of traditional house should not be harmed by changing the construction materials. Therefore, we laid the foundation by mixing mud mortar and stones as that of concrete mix. And lastly compacted the layer properly by blowing.

12. 4. ELEVATION & SUPERSTRUCTURES Before constructing the superstructures it is very necessary to draw the elevation of the house with proper dimensions. It will ease the construction of house as well as reduces the errors that occurs during the construction of the house.

13. SUPERSTRUCTURES After constructing the sub-structure , we constructed the superstructures of the house ,which includes the stone masonry walls, timber floor, partition walls , windows, doors and roof etc . following isometric view shows the superstructures of the house to be constructed

14. BREEDING SPACE/LUNGNANG In traditional Monpa house, empty space is provided below the timber floor for breeding animals such as hen, goat and duck etc. This space is constructed by using stone masonry. Timber floor will be provided upon this structure.

15. TIMBER FLOOR/THIMPANG Timber planks are joined together to form timber floor . It works same as that of concrete floor, only material used is different.

16. RUBBLE MASONRY WALLS The walls are constructed of stone masonry without dressing the stones, which is known as rubble masonry. This method increases the pace of the construction as well as easier to construct. Thickness of these walls are 0.50m each, virtue of which it can easily withstand the seismic waves without forming any cracks. Therefore, these walls can last for more than 300 years

17. PARTITION WALLS/BARSAAM Our method of construction is by retrofitting. Therefore , we constructed the partition walls by using timber in place of stone masonry ,because timber is cheaper and they are durable as well as they can easily withstand the seismic waves as compare to other materials .

18. ROOMS Hall Bedroom(I)&(II) Washroom

19. ATTIC FLOOR/YAAP Attic floor is constructed above the walls and it works as a ceiling as well as store room for the house. In actual traditional house, bulbs are not provided on attic floor since ancient time till today. But in retrofitting method we have provided bulbs on attic floor.

20. ROOFING Roof of the house is consists of two members:- Roof decking Roof covering a) roof decking is the member which supports the roof covering. It consists of truss, ridge beam, top plates and purlins.

21. Roof covering is laid upon the roof decking. In primitive method of construction, roof covering is made up of bamboo thatch. Therefore, in retrofitting method we replaced bamboo thatch with G.I sheets. It has longer life span than traditional bamboo thatch. Our last and main objective of retrofitting of this traditional house was to provide chimney above the roof covering to extract out the harmful smog produce by inefficient cooking process in fire place.

22. IMPROVED MONPA TRADITIONAL HOUSE BY RETROFIITING METHOD Following points are the features of “Improved Traditional Monpa House:- Stone base course & Foundation Veranda Timber partition walls Extra rooms Washroom inside the house Lights in attic floor G.I sheet roofing Chimney

23. PRIMITIVE & IMPROVED HOUSE

24. DURING THE RESEARCH OF MONPA TRADITIONAL HOUSE

25. CONCLUSION Working on this project was a wonderful learning experience. It gave us an intuition as to how much effort and planning goes into the construction of traditional Monpa house. We also realized the significance of the designing of structures in AutoCAD. Lastly, we are very thankful to our project and the course coordinator for giving this project to us.

26. REFERENCES BUILDING CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURAL MASONRY MASONRY DESIGN https://architecturequote.com/architecturestatistics https://build.com.au/top-7-advantages-3dfloor-plan-design