Prokaryotic and eukaryotic: MICROBIAL-TAXONOMY.pdf

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic celss

1. MICROBIAL TAXONOMY
Classification, Naming, and Identification

2. Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms.
It provides a structured system for organizing and
naming living things.
It helps in:
Identifying organisms.
Understanding evolutionary relationships.
Standardizing names globally.

3. Three Components of Taxonomy
Classification - Grouping organisms based on similarities.
Nomenclature - Assigning scientific names based on rules.
Identification - Determining an organism’s identity using
characteristics.

4. Levels of Classification (Taxonomic Hierarchy)

Organisms are categorized into hierarchical groups:
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum (or Division)
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species
Mnemonic: Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup (DKPCOFGS)

5. The Three-Domain System (Woese, 1970s)
This system, based on molecular differences in RNA, divides
organisms into:
Domain Bacteria - True bacteria with peptidoglycan
cell walls.
Domain Archaea - Prokaryotes distinct from bacteria,
often found in extreme environments.
Domain Eukarya - All eukaryotic organisms,
including protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

6. The Five-Kingdom System (Whittaker, 1969)
Kingdom Prokaryote (Monera) - Bacteria & Archaea.
Kingdom Protista - Algae & Protozoa.
Kingdom Fungi - Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
Kingdom Plantae - Plants.
Kingdom Animalia - Animals.

8. Binomial Nomenclature
Developed by Carl Linnaeus (18th century).
Each organism is given a two-part Latin name:
Genus - Always capitalized.
Species - Always lowercase.
Example: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Names should be italicized (or underlined when handwritten)