Pronunciation (Consonant Letter)

Pronunciation (Consonant Letter)

1. BASIC ENGLISH CONVERSATION
(Speaking Skills)
PRONUNCIATION
By: TiraNurFitriaS.Pd., M.Pd

2. ALPHABET
Alphabet(dibaca/’ᴂlfəbet/)isasetof
lettersinafixedorderthatyouuse
whenyouarewritingalanguage”.

3. ENGLISH ALPHABET
Thereare26lettersintheEnglishalphabet:Aa,Bb,
Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,
Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz.
ThemodernEnglishalphabetisaLatinalphabet
consistingof26letters(eachhavinganuppercase
andalowercaseform)–theexactsamelettersthat
arefoundintheISObasicLatinalphabet:

4. Letter’s Pronunciation of the Alphabet
A [ei]; B [bi:]; C [si:]; D [di:]; E [i:]; F [ef]; G [ji:]; H
[eich]; I [ai]; J [jei]; (Note G and J.)
K [kei]; L [el]; M [em]; N [en]; O [ou]; P [pi:]; Q
[kyu:]; R [a:r] (AmE) or [a:] (BrE);
S [es]; T [ti:]; U [yu:]; V [vi:]; W ['dʌbəlyu:]; X [eks];
Y [wai]; Z [zi:] (AmE) or [zed] (BrE).

5. CONSONANT
Aconsonantisaspeechsoundmadebypartiallyor
completelyblockingtheflowofairthroughthemouth
(usingthelips,teeth,tongue,andpalate).Lettersof
theEnglishalphabetthatrepresentconsonants
includeallthelettersthatarenotvowels.
Aconsonantletterusuallyrepresentsoneconsonant
sound.Someconsonantletters,forexample,c,g,s,
canrepresenttwodifferentconsonantsounds.

6. CONSONANT
AccordingtoMcCully(2009:215),“consonantis
aphonemewhosearticulation‘involvessome
audibleobstructionintheoralcavity”.
Menurutnya,konsonanadalahsebuahfonemyang
artikulasinya‘melibatkanbeberapaobstruksi
(hambatan)bunyidironggamulut‘
Thereare20consonantlettersintheEnglish
alphabet.Theyrepresent24consonantsounds.

7. b [b]
baby, best,
buy, bring,
blind, absent,
about,
number,
labor, robber,
tub, tab, tape,
type
c[s]or[k]/c
[s]center,cellar,
cigarette,cinema,
agency,notice;
[k]cake,come,
cucumber,clean,
cry,scratch,act,
panic

8. HOW TO PRONOUNCE ©
1.CLEAR
2.CEREAL
3.CELL
4.CASUAL
5.CENTER
6.CENTRAL
7.CARD
8.CARAMEL
9.CERTIFICATE
10.CIRCUIT
11. CITY
12. COMMUNITY
13. CUT
14. CAT
15. CAMP
16. CABLE
17. CAFÉ
18. CLASS
19. CLEAN
20. COINT
21. CALCULUS
22. CALENDAR
23. CAMEL
24. CAMERA
25. CANDY
26. CELEBRITY
27. CENT
28. CENTURY
29. COVER
30. CORN

9. d [d]
day, dear,
die, door,
duty,
admire,
hidden, lady,
kind, ride,
ended
f [f]
fast, female,
five, fifteen,
fifty, forest,
fund, fry,
flight, often,
deaf, cuff,
cup, cap

10. g [g], [j] or [zh]
[g] game, gap, get,
go, gun, great,
global, giggle, ago,
begin, dog, egg;
[j] general, gin,
giant, agent, suggest,
Egypt, energy, huge,
manage;
[zh] mirage, garage,
beige, rouge, edge
h [h] or [-]
[h] hair, her,
help, history,
home, hotel,
hunt, behind,
inherit; honey
[-] hour, honor,
honest, heir,
vehicle, Sarah

11. HOW TO PRONOUNCE G
1.GLASS
2.GENERAL
3.GET
4.GLAD
5.GUEST
6.GYM
7.GOVERNMENT
8.GUITAR
9.GUIDE
10.GUARANTEE
11.GROUP
12. GROUND
13. GUARD
14.GROSS
15.GREY
16.GRADUATION
17.GREAT
18. GOLF
19.GENDER
20. GENIUS
21. GALLON
22. GALLERY
23. GAME
24. GARDEN
25. GARMENT
26.GAS
27. GIFT
28.GIRL
29. GLOBAL
30. GOOD

12. HOW TO PRONOUNCE H
1.HOPE
2.HOUR
3.HONORABLE
4.HAIR
5.HABIT
6.HALF
7.HAND
8.HANDSOME
9.HAPPY
10.HARD
11. 21.

13. j [j]
jam, Jane,
jet, jelly,
Jim, jingle,
joke, John,
June, just,
juice
k [k]
Kate, kind,
kill,
kilogram,
sky, blanket,
break, take,
look

14. l [l]
late, let, live,
alone, close,
slim, please,
old, nicely,
table, file,
all, slime,
slim
m [m]
make, men,
mind, mother,
must, my,
may, me
common,
summer,
name, form,
team, from

15. n [n]
napkin, never,
night, no, sun,
nuclear, ton,
funny,
student,
suddenly
kindness,
p [p]
paper,
person, pick,
pour, public,
repair, apple,
keep, top,
crispy

16. q (qu) or kw]
[k] quality,
question, quite,
quote, equal,
require;
[kw] unique,
technique,
antique,
grotesque
r [r]
rain, red,
rise, brief,
grow, more,
scream, car,
truck, arrive,
hurry, turn,

17. s [s] or [z]
[s] send, simple,
song, system,
street, lost, kiss,
release;
[z] cause,
present, reason,
realism, advise,
always, is, was
t [t]
task, tell,
time, tone,
tune, hotel,
attentive,
student,
boat, rest,
both

18. v [v]
vast, vein,
vivid, voice,
even, event,
active,
review,
move,
invest, give,
gift,
w [w]
wall, war,
way, why,
west, wind,
word, would,
swear, swim,
twenty,
twist, twice,
world

19. x [ks], [gz] or [z]
exercise, exchange,
expect, expert, ex-
wife, axis, fix,
relax; exist
exam, exact,
executive, exert,
exist, exit, exult;
Xenon, Xerox,
xenophobia,
xylophone
z [z] or [ts]
[z] zero, zoo,
horizon, puzzle,
crazy, organize,
quiz, jazz;
[ts] pizza,
Mozart, Nazi,
waltz

20. VOWEL
Avowelisaspeechsoundmadebyallowing
breathtoflowoutofthemouth,withoutclosing
anypartofthemouthorthroat(althoughthelips
maymovetocreatethecorrectsound,asin
creatingthesound“o”).
LettersoftheEnglishalphabetthatrepresent
vowels:a,e,i,o,u,andsometimesy.

21. English Vowel Sounds
Avowellettercanrepresentdifferent
vowelsounds:
hat[hæt],hate[heit],all[o:l],art[a:rt],any['eni].
Thesamevowelsoundisoftenrepresentedby
differentvowellettersinwriting:
[ei]they,weigh,may,cake,steak,rain.

22. OPEN & CLOSE SYLABLE
OPEN SYLLABLE
Kate [keit],
Pete [pi:t],
note [nout],
site [sait],
cute [kyu:t].
CLOSE SYLLABLE
cat [kæt], pet
[pet], not
[not], sit [sit],
cut (the
neutral sound
[ə]).

26. Note 1: The letter Y
TheletterYcanfunctionasavowelorasa
consonant.Asavowel,Yhasthevowel
sounds[i],[ai].Asaconsonant,Yhasthe
consonantsound[y](i.e.,asemivowelsound),
usuallyatthebeginningofthewordandonly
inthesyllablebeforeavowel.
[i]:any,city,carry,funny,mystery,synonym;
[ai]:my,cry,rely,signify,nylon,type;
[y]:yard,year,yes,yet,yield,you.

27. Note 2: Diphthongs
Adiphthongisoneindivisiblevowelsoundthat
consistsoftwoparts.Thefirstpartisthemain
strongcomponent(thenucleus);thesecond
partisshortandweak(theglide).
Adiphthongisalwaysstressedonitsfirst
component:[au],[ou].
Adiphthongformsonesyllable.American
linguistsusuallylistfivediphthongs:[ei],[ai],
[au],[oi],[ou].

28. Note 3: The sound [o]
Thesound[o]isshortinBritishEnglish.Inthesame
wordsinAmericanEnglish,thesound[o]isalong
soundcoloredas[a:].Thissoundisoftenlistedas
[a:]inAmericanmaterialsforESLstudents.Insome
words,therearetwovariantsofpronunciationin
AmE:[o:]or[o].
[o]:lot,rock,rob,bother,bottle,college,comment,
document,modern,popular,respond,John,Tom;
[o:]or[o]:gone,coffee,office,borrow,orange,sorry,
loss,lost,want,wash,water.

29. How to Study English
Vowels
Method 1:
From Sound to Spelling

30. SOUND [i:]
Spellingexamples:me,equal,
Japanese,remake,see,sea,piece,
seize,police.
Thesound[i:]isrepresentedin
writingbythefollowinglettersand
lettercombinations.

31. Letter E
Understress,intheroot:
me,be,he,she,we,eve,these,scheme,theme,scene,
obscene,Pete,delete,compete,complete,obsolete,Crete,
concrete,discrete,extreme,supreme,Steve,intervene,
precede,recede;
equal,even,evening,evil,decent,recent,region,meter,Peter,
secret,media,demon,detail,female,legal,genius,senior,
convenient,frequent,veto,premium,previous.
Understress,inthesuffix:
Japanese,Chinese,Portuguese,Lebanese,Vietnamese,
Maltese,Burmese,manganese.
Stressedorunstressed,intheprefix:
remake,retell,rewrite,prehistoric,prewar,premarital,
premature,prepaid.

32. Combination EE
Understress,intheroot:
see,flee,free,agree,degree,knee,feel,
peel,seed,feed,proceed,succeed,
exceed,seen,keen,teen,seek,peek,
seem,screen,deep,creep,sleep,fleet,
meet,greet,sleeve.
Understress,inthesuffix:
trainee,refugee,referee,addressee.

33. Combination EA
Understress,intheroot:
sea,flea,tea,peace,beach,teach,lead,
read,beak,peak,leak,freak,deal,meal,
reveal,seal,steal,beam,cream,
scream,team,bean,lean,clean,heap,
leap,reap,please,release,increase,
tease,meat,beat,heat,beneath,
breathe,creature,leave.

34. Combination IE
Understress,intheroot:
piece,niece,field,shield,yield,
achieve,believe,grieve,relieve,
retrieve,belief,grief,relief,brief,
chief,thief,fiend,siege,shriek,
priest.

35. Combination EI
Understress,intheroot:
seize,receive,receipt,deceive,
conceive,conceit,perceive,
ceiling,leisure,Leigh.

36. Letter I
Inwordsofforeignorigin:
police,gasoline,machine,magazine,
marine,routine,vaccine,sardine,
prestige,regime,elite,naive,pizza,
ski,liter,fatigue,intrigue,antique,
physique,technique,unique.
Alsothesound[i:]:key,people,
Aesop,Oedipus.

37. SOUND [i]
Spellingexamples:it,kiss,justice,
enough,English,remove,rocket,
symbol,antonym,lady,Annie,
honey.
Thesound[i]isrepresentedin
writingbythefollowinglettersand
lettercombinations.

38. Letter I
Understressorunstressed,intheroot,
prefix,suffixorending:
it,bit,fit,sit,miss,kiss,tip,lip,rip,pick,
kick,sick,pin,sin,dinner,bring,sing,
king,list,wrist,fill,kill,hill,trim,river,
habit,unit,consist,ignore,inform,infinity,
justice,classic,public,terrible,English,
swimming.

39. Letter E
Understressorunstressed,intheroot,
prefix,suffixorending:
enough,effect,eleven,electric,emotion,
English,despair,pretty,depart,remove,
repair,repeat,reply,preliminary,prepare,
security,illness,madness,actress,
timeless,bullet,rocket,fixes,bridges,
added,counted.

40. Letter Y
Understressorunstressed,intheroot:
symbol,Lybia,lyrics,myriad,hymn,nymph,
pygmy,pyramid,Sydney,sympathy,synthesis,
synchronize,crystal,system,typical,tyranny,
mystery,myth,rhythm,antonym,synonym,
pseudonym,acronym.
Unstressed,inthesuffix:
lady,family,history,city,duty,Harry,carry,marry,
hurry,worry,lovely,sunny,funny,happy,busy,
dirty,pretty,any,many,very,nicely,hardly,Larry,
Billy,Mary,Terry,Abby.

41. Combination IE
Unstressed,inthesuffix:
Annie,Carrie,Katie,Abbie,
Elsie,auntie,girlie,dearie,
sweetie.

42. Combination EY
Unstressed,inthesuffix:
honey,chimney,hockey,journey,
money,monkey,pulley,trolley,
valley,Sydney,Odyssey,Casey,
Abbey.

43. How to Study English
Vowels
Method 2:
From Spelling to Sound

44. Combination EA
Understress,intheroot:
[i:]:sea,tea,flea,peace,beach,teach,lead,read,beak,
peak,leak,freak,deal,meal,reveal,seal,steal,beam,cream,
scream,team,bean,lean,clean,heap,leap,reap,please,
release,increase,tease,meat,beat,heat,beneath,breathe,
creature,leave.
Understress,intheroot:
[e]:bread,dead,head,header,lead,read,spread,thread,
dread,tread,ready,instead,sweat,sweater,threat,threaten,
breath,death,deaf,health,stealth,wealth,weather,leather,
feather,treacherous,treasure,measure,pleasure,pleasant,
jealous,dealt,meant,cleanse,weapon,heaven,heavy,
breakfast,breast.
[ei]:break,great,steak.

45. Combination OW
Usuallyunderstress,intheroot:
[au]:now,how,cow,row,bow,brow,allow,crowd,
powder,owl,fowl,howl,down,gown,town,clown,
brown,drown,crown,browse,browser,towel,bowel,
vowel,flower,power,tower,coward,Howard.
Understress,intheroot:
[ou]:know,low,show,row,bow,mow,owe,tow,crow,
grow,throw,blow,flow,slow,bowl,own,blown,flown,
grown,shown,thrown,growth.
Unstressed,intheroot:
[ou]:follow,hollow,borrow,narrow,window,yellow.

46. Combination OU
Usuallyunderstress,intheroot:
[au]:out,about,doubt,couch,cloud,loud,proud,
foul,noun,ounce,bounce,announce,found,pound,
ground,hound,round,sound,surround,count,
amount,mountain,house,mouse,louse,blouse,
mouth,south,scout,shout,our,hour,flour,sour,
bough,plough,drought.
Usuallyunderstress,intheroot:
[u:]:group,soup,route,boulevard,cougar,coupon,
loupe,mousse,routine,souvenir,through,wound,
you,youth.
[u]:could,should,would.

47. Understressorunstressed,intherootorsuffix:
neutralsound[ə]:enough,rough,tough,
country,cousin,couple,double,trouble,touch,
flourish,nourish,young,borough,thorough,
Plymouth,famous,venomous,glamorous.
Understress,intheroot:
[o:]:cough,bought,brought,fought,ought,
sought,thought,course,court,four,pour,source,
your.
[ou]:boulder,mould/mold,shoulder,soul,
dough,though.