PROPERTIES AND USES OF HELIUM.

Here you will get the necessary knowledge of the element HELIUM and , its uses, its importance in future, its properties, and its applications etc.

1. PRESENTED BY:- AKHILESH UIKAY
CLASS 10
TH
’B’
ELEMENT:-”HELIUM”……

3. The Noble Gases
•Group 18 Elements
-Helium -Neon
-Argon -Krypton
-Xenon -Radon
•Helium is used to fill
balloons.
•Neon signs contain
noble gases.

4. A Ballooning Crisis: Technical
and Policy Recommendations on
the Helium Shortage

5. Helium Shortage OverviewHelium Shortage Overview
•Helium shortage existed since 2006Helium shortage existed since 2006
•Helium has numerous applicationsHelium has numerous applications
•Federal Helium Reserve Program has Federal Helium Reserve Program has
existed since the 1960sexisted since the 1960s
•Current legislation may determine the Current legislation may determine the
future of this finite resourcefuture of this finite resource

6. Helium HistoryHelium History
•Interest began in WWI for defenseInterest began in WWI for defense
•Continued use of Helium after WWI Continued use of Helium after WWI
lead to the formation of the Bush lead to the formation of the Bush
Dome Reservoir/Federal Helium Dome Reservoir/Federal Helium
Reserve ProgramReserve Program
•People lost interest in helium towards People lost interest in helium towards
the end of the 1900’s, but it has since the end of the 1900’s, but it has since
regained importance for science and regained importance for science and
technology.technology.

7. Uniqueness of HeliumUniqueness of Helium
•Liquefies at lower temperature than Liquefies at lower temperature than
all other elementsall other elements
66
•Chemically inertChemically inert
•Highest specific heat capacity of any Highest specific heat capacity of any
gaseous elementgaseous element
•Invisible- cannot be rendered Invisible- cannot be rendered
radioactiveradioactive
77

8. Uses of HeliumUses of Helium

11. Helium ApplicationsHelium Applications
Daily Life Applications:Daily Life Applications:
•LCD screen manufacturing-used to LCD screen manufacturing-used to
make sleeve for glass tube in fiber make sleeve for glass tube in fiber
opticsoptics
•Welding for specialty metals- chemical Welding for specialty metals- chemical
inertness and high heat capacityinertness and high heat capacity
•Processing of semiconductor phone Processing of semiconductor phone
chips- cryogenic use and to flush the chips- cryogenic use and to flush the
vesselsvessels

12. Helium in HealthcareHelium in Healthcare
•Helium used as coolant for magnet in Helium used as coolant for magnet in
Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI) Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI)
technologytechnology
•~75,000 MRI scans/day, ~20,000 jobs ~75,000 MRI scans/day, ~20,000 jobs
at GE Healthcare alone are MRI at GE Healthcare alone are MRI
specificspecific
88

13. During shortage, many patients During shortage, many patients
will wait for necessary scanswill wait for necessary scans

14. Helium in DefenseHelium in Defense
•Defense is where it all began and Defense is where it all began and
continues helium’s use as a lifting gascontinues helium’s use as a lifting gas
•Safer than hydrogen as it is less Safer than hydrogen as it is less
flammableflammable
•Previously used for air travel, Previously used for air travel,
currently used for observation in currently used for observation in
blimps and balloonsblimps and balloons
•Helium-3 is used in neutron detectors Helium-3 is used in neutron detectors
at bordersat borders

15. DOI-BLM. <http://www.blm.gov/nm/st/en/prog/energy/helium/federal_helium_program.html>.

16. LegislationLegislation
1996 Helium Privatization Act1996 Helium Privatization Act
44
•Based on debt to National TreasuryBased on debt to National Treasury
•Required sell-off of helium at flat rateRequired sell-off of helium at flat rate
•Price mandated by government, not Price mandated by government, not
marketmarket
•Did not accurately predict future uses Did not accurately predict future uses
of heliumof helium

17. Upcoming LegislationUpcoming Legislation
2012 Helium Stewardship Act2012 Helium Stewardship Act
55
•Allows Federal Helium Reserve to Allows Federal Helium Reserve to
remain self-sustainable without remain self-sustainable without
government appropriationsgovernment appropriations
•Government phase out- no longer Government phase out- no longer
regulates pricesregulates prices
•Slow phase out will allow for time to Slow phase out will allow for time to
form new mines and keep market from form new mines and keep market from
a monopoly.a monopoly.

18. Helium’s FutureHelium’s Future
•As applications increase the Federal As applications increase the Federal
Helium Reserve must remain Helium Reserve must remain
operational- swift passage of S.2374operational- swift passage of S.2374
•House companion billHouse companion bill
•New plants should be createdNew plants should be created
•Reuse technology should be Reuse technology should be
encouraged and mandated for large encouraged and mandated for large
companiescompanies
•Possible areas for public awarenessPossible areas for public awareness

19. Helium-3: The Future Energy Source?Helium-3: The Future Energy Source?

20. OverviewOverview
 Helium-3 Background
 What Is it…Where Is it Found?
 How Do We get it?
 Current Energy Demands
 U.S.
 Global
 Fossil Fuels & Nuclear Energy
 Other Energy Alternatives
 He3 Global Implications
 He3 Economic Implications
 Way Ahead
 Conclusion

21. What is Helium-3…Where Do We Find It?What is Helium-3…Where Do We Find It?
 He3 is naturally produced through fusion in the
sun
 Settles on the moon’s surface
 Earths atmosphere repels He3 from settling
on its surface
 He3 combined with deuterium produces energy
 There is 10 times more energy in He3 than in all
of the fossil fuels on Earth (oil, coal, natural gas)

23. Helium-3…How Do We Get It?Helium-3…How Do We Get It?
 Artist's rendition of He3
mining machine

 Using direct sun energy, He3 particles
will then be heated to about 1400 degrees

 1400 degrees is the required temperature
to convert He3 to usable energy
 Transport energy to Earth
 Microwave shot or via spacecraft

24.  He3 is not a proven concept but has potential
 Estimated 30 – 50 years before Earth could use He3
 Increased funding would decrease timeline

 Much research and work remains
 What’s appealing about He3?
 Abundance of energy
 Clean energy
 What’s unappealing?
 Unproven technology
 Costly R&D / production

25. United States Energy UseUnited States Energy Use
 U.S. spends about $440 billion annually for energy
 Consumes about 6.2B barrels of oil per year
 Consumes about 965M tons of coal per year
 Energy needs expected to increase over the next 25 years

26. Global Energy UseGlobal Energy Use
 World oil consumption is
expected to grow by 1.3 million
bbl/d in both 2008 and 2009
 Projected 50% increase in
energy requirements by 2030
 China/India represent
45% of the increase
 World coal usage approx 5.3
B tons
 Expected to increase by
2.2B every year through
2025

27. Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy: Rising Concerns Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy: Rising Concerns
OilOil
• Some speculation of “peak oil” in Some speculation of “peak oil” in
40-50 years40-50 years
• Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues
• Geopolitical factorsGeopolitical factors
• Rising costsRising costs
Natural gasNatural gas
• North American natural gas at North American natural gas at
or near peakor near peak
• Alaska / other continents gas Alaska / other continents gas
resources costly to transportresources costly to transport
CoalCoal
• Est. 275 years of resourcesEst. 275 years of resources
• Environmental issues Environmental issues
NuclearNuclear
• Radioactive wasteRadioactive waste
• Replace aging reactorsReplace aging reactors
• Public health hazard Public health hazard

28. HydrogenHydrogen
WindWind
Bio-dieselBio-diesel
EthanolEthanol
SolarSolar
Current /Emerging Energy AlternativesCurrent /Emerging Energy Alternatives
FusionFusion
HydroHydro

29. Global ImplicationsGlobal Implications

30. U.S.U.S.
• Return to moon 2020Return to moon 2020
• Establish Moon BaseEstablish Moon Base
• Moon Mining?Moon Mining?
RussiaRussia
• Manned moon Manned moon
mission--2022mission--2022
• Mining by 2030Mining by 2030
ChinaChina
• Man on moon by 2024Man on moon by 2024
• Moon Mining?Moon Mining?
IndiaIndia
• Various Space InitiativesVarious Space Initiatives
European UnionEuropean Union
• FranceFrance
• GermanyGermany
U.N. & Rest of the WorldU.N. & Rest of the World
Global Global
ImplicationsImplications

31. Questions?Questions?

32. Global Implications: Existing Space TreatiesGlobal Implications: Existing Space Treaties
 Outer Space Treaty -- 1967Outer Space Treaty -- 1967
 Moon Agreement -- 1984Moon Agreement -- 1984
 Additional treaties, agreements and Additional treaties, agreements and
international law requiredinternational law required