Proposal Defense for expressive art therapy usage in counselling sessions

Proposal Defense for expressive art therapy usage in counselling sessions

1. EXPLORING EXPRESSIVE ART THERAPY IN COUNSELLING
SESSIONS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
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NORAIMI AAINAA BINTI OMAR
202109060021

2. TABLE OFTABLE OF CONTENTSCONTENTS
Backgrounds ofBackgrounds of
StudyStudy
1
ResearchResearch
Objectives (RO)Objectives (RO)
3
ResearchResearch
Questions (RQ)Questions (RQ)
4
ProblemsProblems
StatementsStatements
2
Scope of StudiesScope of Studies
5
Significance ofSignificance of
StudiesStudies
6
EthicalEthical
ConsiderationsConsiderations
7
LiteratureLiterature
ReviewReview
9
MethodologyMethodology
10
Definitions ofDefinitions of
TermsTerms
8
TimeframeTimeframe
11
Bibliography /Bibliography /
ReferencesReferences
12

3. Backgrounds of Study
According to the (World Health Organization (2018)
psychological well-being is essential and important
component of not just mental health, but overall health.
The changing demands of the life in term of environment and
technological advancement often lead to more complex and
stressful life.
Adolescents are at particular risk due to the fast physical and
emotional changes they experienced (Coward, 2018).

4. Backgrounds of Study
Similar patterned emerged in Malaysia as The National Health
and Morbidity Survey 2017 showed that one in ten Malaysians
adolescents were found to be stressed, one in five had
depression and two in five suffered from anxiety.
Psychological poverty, which highlighted on the lacking of
insight thinking, feeling, and behavioural problems, could be
best fix through suitable techniques and approaches applied
by counsellors (Bavani Raja Mohan & Sorooshian, 2012).
Expressive art therapy gaining more attention from the
practitioners as its unique way to integrate artistic expression
such as movements, music, visual art, creative writing, games
and imagery or can be summarised as variety of multi-modal
art in counselling sessions (Johan et al., 2018).

5. People perceive problems
differently from one person
to another hence, their
responses are also different
as human are very unique
creatures with different set
of experience, skills and
emotions. The challenges to
face problems can lead to
various consequences.
Malaysian government continuous
support and recognition of
guidance and counselling services
in schools fixed its significance
towards the growth of individuals
who are socially and spiritually
stable and consequently contribute
to the overall well-being of the
society (Abdul Malek et al., 2013).
Problems Statements
Expressive Art Therapy is one of the
approaches in helping profession
that can assist counsellors to equip
themselves with knowledge and
skills as the use of art is a very
good way to help clients to find
purpose and meaning in life (Lantz
& Gyamerah, 2002).

6. The usage of Expressive Arts Therapy
can assist counsellors in recognise
issues that are related to
adolescents as it also helps in
understanding clients’ life
experiences wholly and holistically
(Sesar et al., 2022)
It is also a fairly new approach in
Malaysia to begin with so it has to
be explore for the sake of
knowledge and skills for
counsellors and clients gain (Johan
et al., 2018). There’s also a growing
need to shift some paradigm in the
diversification of counselling
approaches to help improve the
professionalism of counselling
field.
Problems Statements
It is very important as it open up
spaces for further discussion,
innovation and actions towards
better skills and knowledge in this
field. More research in this topic is
very much in need especially in
Malaysia context to help
counsellors designate, improve and
acquire new knowledge, theory,
practice and approach in order to
help their clients.

7. RO 1
To examine the
current practice of
therapy in counselling
sessions among
secondary school
students.
Research Objectives (RO)
RO 2
To analyse the impact
of expressive art
therapy in counselling
sessions among
secondary school
students.
RO 3
To propose of applying
expressive art therapy
in counselling sessions
among secondary
school students.

8. Research
Questions
(RQ)
RQ 3
How to develop the usage of
expressive art as an alternative
therapy in counselling sessions
among secondary school
counsellors?
RQ 1
What is the current practice of
therapy in counselling sessions
among secondary school students?
RQ 2
Why and What are the impacts
practice of using expressive art
therapy in counselling sessions
among secondary school students?

9. Scope of Studies
Purposive sampling as the
participants will be selected
only with specific criteria
Counsellors are both registered
and unregistered counsellors
DelimitationsLimitations
Cannot be used to make any
generalization for the whole
population
exclusion criteriainclusion criteria
Researcher does not have any
experience handling or full
knowledge about expressive
art therapy
Counsellors in secondary
school
Use expressive art therapy in
counselling sessions
Practice counselling less than
three months
Counsellors from other
organisation
Not using the expressive art
therapy in counselling sessions

10. Significance of Studies
Significance to the
Development
of Knowledge and Theory
Contributed to the literature
on expressive art
therapy in counselling sessions
as in Malaysia there were a
limited studies regarding this
topic.
Foundation for the future
direction of other potential
research regarding expressive
art therapy.
Significance to the
Development of Guidance
and Counselling Practice
Contribute to the practices of
guidance and counselling in
our country.
Towards the usage of better
tools in counselling sessions as
an alternative in the helping
profession.
Significance To Society
There are various problems
related to psychological and
mental issues. This indicates a
need for special tools such as
expressive art therapy to help
clients regarding their issues in
life.
Expanded of knowledge and
literature regarding the use of
expressive art therapy in
counselling sessions.
Provide an overview to
counselling practitioners to
see the expressive art therapy
in counselling sessions from a
deeper perspective based on
the experiences of the
participants involved.

11. Ethical
Considerations
Prepare an informed
consent form
Storage strategy

12. Definitions of Terms
Professional relationship that
empowers diverse individuals,
families, and groups to accomplish
mental health, wellness, education,
and career goals.
(Kaplan et al (2014) from the
consensus of 20/20: A Vision for the
Future of Counseling)
For this research, counselling will be
referring to the professional
relationship where the client and the
counsellor working together to assist
clients in identifying their objectives
and potential solutions to issues that
are affecting them emotionally; work
to enhance their communication and
coping mechanisms; boost their self-
esteem; and encourage behaviour
modification and optimal mental
health using expressive art therapy.
Counselling Counsellor
Counsellors can be defined as
individuals who play an important role
in conducting counselling sessions.
This individual has experience,
required qualifications and basic
counselling skills in providing
counselling services (Mohd Aziz Shah
et al., 2009).

In this research, counsellors refer to
counsellors who use expressive art
therapy in their counselling sessions
and possess qualities such as genuine,
empathetic and unconditional
acceptance towards their clients.
School
Children are educated formally in
preschools, schools, and higher
education through schooling. Teachers
typically teach pupils according to a
defined curriculum or syllabus made
up of various disciplines when children
attend school (Gobby & Walker, 2018).
It also refers to an institution where
formal education or learning is
conducted (Nyatuka, 2020)

It is used in this research to refer to
government school in Malaysia.

13. Definitions of Terms
Art therapy is a type of expressive
therapy in which the client creates
artwork using one or more of a wide
range of media to communicate
thoughts and feelings
(Crawford, 2008).

Expressive art therapy is one of the
ways for people to engage with and
find expression in the arts
(Ahessy, 2013).

Expressive Art
Therapy
In this research, expressive art
therapy will be referred to activities in
counselling sessions particularly
focused on the visual arts such as
drawing, making collages, movement
or music, sketching, sculpting
colouring, painting and many more.
Secondary
School
Students
The secondary education system
serves students between the ages of
14 and 18. The children are distinct
from one another at this age in a
variety of ways (Kapur, 2019).

Students at the lower secondary level
range in age from 13 years old to 15
years old whereas higher secondary
school level range from 16 years old to
19 years old (Josephine Chika, 2009).

For this research, secondary school
students refer to students from the
age of 13 years old to 19 years old.

14. LITERATURE REVIEW
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AFAF OSMAN ET AL.
Counselling as a whole is seen as a
helping relationship in which the
counsellor strives to enlighten the
client for greater functioning
MOHD JALADIN ET AL )
Counsellors are persons who actively
seeks to understand the worldviews of
his or her client without prejudice or
unfavourable judgments
LEAHY ET AL.
Counselling practice in the past often
associated with religion such as Islam,
Christian or Jew where they offered
advice to the devotee for their
problems
SUPRIYANTO ET AL.
Counsellors can help their clients
through counselling sessions which
includes cases such as high levels of
stress, anxiety, depression, and other
psychological conditions. Counsellors
also have to equip themselves with
several other skills
COUNSELLING
COUNSELLOR

15. LITERATURE REVIEW
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EDUCATION SYSTEM MALAYSIA,
The present-day formal education
system is modelled after the British
educational system with 6-3-2
structure which are six years for
primary education, three years of
lower secondary education and
another two years of upper
secondary education
NUR AIN & MOHMAD ZAM,
A school is a facility created with the
purpose of instructing students or pupils
under the guidance of teachers
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
Malaysia's desire to become a developed
country is greatly aided by education. Based
on the National Philosophy of Education,
education in Malaysia must strive to create a
whole person who is balanced and
harmonious on an intellectual, spiritual,
emotional, and physical level and is devoted
to God
OECD
In order for students to develop, succeed
as adults, and make contributions to the
economy and society, schools work to
equip them with the information,
interpersonal abilities, and life skills they
need.
EDUCATION
SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
SCHOOL

16. LITERATURE REVIEW
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BELL
Adolescents are specifically referring
to individuals aged 13-19 years old
which in line with age of secondary
school students in Malaysia.
FAREEZ VINCENT AMOS & MOHD ZAHURI KHAIRANI,
It been widely introduced to help
individuals from various walks of life
such as children, adolescents and adults
in organizations such as hospitals,
schools, prisons and so on.
KRISHNAVENI ET AL.
Adolescents are complex, transitional
process involving progression from the
immaturity and social dependency of
childhood into adult life
MOHAMAD ET AL
Art therapy is a contemporary method
that uses creative processes to enhance
the individual's physical, mental, and
emotional well-being of all ages.
SECONDARY
SCHOOL STUDENTS
EXPRESSIVE ART
THERAPY
‘Students’ refers to individuals
registered and recognized as learners
in educational institutions for the
purpose of acquiring knowledge and
skills that could enhance personal
developments
ENOKELA
MCADAMS
Digital tools and media also open into the
therapeutic setting and are being integrated into
creative therapies such as visual arts, music, and
the intermodal use in expressive art therapy.

17. Qualitative approach are more
ongoing, inductive, concurrent
with data collection, constant
comparison, came up with
themes and it has thick
description to present individual
holistically (Patton, 2015).
Paradigm
Social constructivism because
this tradition views the reality
as something that are not
objective and must have one
specific answer only but it is
wider than that because it
raises the voices of research
participants
Focuses on live experience of
counsellors who use expressive
art therapy in their counselling
sessions.
Purposive Sampling
Requires the researcher to
construct specific criteria for
the participants before
entering the study field (Hays &
Singh, 2012).
Role Of Researcher
Reflexivity of the researcher,
the role of the researcher as an
internal researcher or external
researcher, the subjectivity of
the researcher and also the
voice of the participant.
METHODOLOGY
Qualitative Method
Phenomenology
First phase : five set of
participants which is in line
with the general guidelines
from Creswell (2013) which
states that for the qualitative
research, the proposed sample
size is between three to five
people.
Second phase : three set of
participants.

18. Methodology
RO 2 & 3
To analyse the impact of expressive
art therapy in counselling sessions
among secondary school students.
To propose of applying expressive art
therapy in counselling sessions
among secondary school students.
To gain insight and impact of the usage of
expressive art therapy in counselling sessions
as to provide further information about this
type of therapy in counselling sessions.
RQ 2 & 3
01
02
03
04
RO 1
To examine the current practice of
therapy in counselling sessions
among secondary school students.
EXPECTED RESEARCH
OUTCOMES
To obtain major ideas and issues about
counselling sessions and the current
practice of counselling in school setting.
The results obtain will be use in the
second phase of the research.
RQ 1
What is the current practice of
therapy in counselling sessions
among secondary school students?
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Interviews, documents collections
from different sources
(5 schools)
01
02
03
04
Phase One
Why and What are the impacts practice of
using expressive art therapy in counselling
sessions among secondary school students?
Phase Two
Interviews, observation and
documents analysis from different
sources (3 schools)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
EXPECTED RESEARCH
OUTCOMES
How to develop the usage of
expressive art as an alternative
therapy in counselling sessions
among secondary school students?

19. Timeframe

20. References
01
02
03
04
05
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