Prostate cancer (Carcinoma of the prostate) Presented By Mr B.Kalyan kumar Msc (N) Dept Of MSN.

Prostate cancer is a serious disease that affects thousands of men each year who are middle-aged or older. About 60 percent of the cases occur in men older than age 65. The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that 174,650 American men will be newly diagnosed with this condition in 2019.
The prostate is a small gland found in a man’s lower abdomen. It’s located under the bladder and surrounding the urethra. The prostate is regulated by the hormone testosterone and produces seminal fluid, also known as semen. Semen is the substance containing sperm that exits the urethra during ejaculation.
When an abnormal, malignant growth of cells — which is called a tumor — forms in the prostate, it’s called prostate cancer. This cancer can spread to other areas of the body.
According to the Urology Care Foundation, prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths for men in the United States.
Tools for diagnosis: Digital rectal exam (DRE): With this exam, your doctor will insert a gloved finger into your rectum to inspect your prostate. They can feel if there are any hard lumps on your prostate gland that could be tumors.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: This blood test detects your levels of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate. See the following section for more information on the PSA test.
Prostate biopsy: Your doctor may order a biopsy to help confirm a prostate cancer diagnosis. For a biopsy, a healthcare provider removes a small piece of your prostate gland for examination.
Other tests: Your doctor may also do an MRI scan, CT scan, or bone scan.
Treatment: Surgery,Radiation,Cryotherapy,Hormone therapy, Chemotherapy,Stereotactic radiosurgery,Immunotherapy.

1. Presented by
MrB.KalyankumarMsc(N)
Dept of MSN

2. Introduction
Prostatecanceristhecarcinomaoftheprostate
glandthatmayspreadtootherpartsofthebody
particularlybonesandlymphnodes.

3. Definition
Prostatecancerisamalignanttumorthatusuallygrows
slowlyandremainsconfinedtoglandformanyyears.
Asthecanceradvances,however,itcanspreadbeyond
theprostateintothesurroundingtissues.

4. Causes and Risk factors
Unknown
Advancing
age
Genetics
(Heredity)
Hormonal
influences

5. Environmental
factors as
cigarette
smoking
Industrial
products
Toxins,chemicals
Diets that are
high in
saturated fat

7. Clinical manifestations
Urinarydifficulties
Burningorpainduringurination
Inabilitytourinate,difficultystartingurination

8. Asensationofincompleteemptyingofthebladdereven
afterpassingurine
Frequentnocturnalurination
Weakorinterruptedflowofurine.

9. Other symptoms
Pelvic pain
Back or hip
pain
Abdomen
pain
Jaundice
Chest pain

11. MANAGEMENT
Surgery:Radicalprostatectomy-TheProstate,some
surroundingtissue,andtheseminalvesiclesareall
completelyremoved

12. Retropubicradicalprostatectomy-Theinitialincision
bythesurgeonismadeinthelowerabdomenbetween
thenavelandjustabovethepenis.
Perinealradicalprostatectomy-Theinitialincisionby
thesurgeonismadeintheskinbetweentheAnusand
Scrotum.

13. Hormonaltherapy-Hormonaltherapyisthemainstayof
treatmentforsymptomaticadvancedprostatecancer
Radiationtherapy
Cryotherapy
Chemotherapy-Cisplatin,5-FU.

14. NURSING MANAGEMENT
Preparethepatientforpostoperativeprocedures,suchas
dressingchangesandintubation.

15. Postoperatively,thepatientwillbewearingsequential-
compressionstockingsandreceivingIVfluids,
antibiotics,possiblebloodproductsandopioidanalgesics
andantispasmodicforpainmanagement.

16. Monitorcomplicationsofbleeding,infection,fluid
andelectrolyteimbalances,pulmonaryembolusand
rectalinjury.

17. Thepatientreturnfromsurgerywithanindwelling
urethralcatheter.Keeptheurinarycatheterinpositionby
securelytapingthecathetertothepatientsleg
Regularlycheckthedressing,incision,anddrainage
systemforexcessiveblood,watchforsignsofbleeding
andbealertforsignsofinfection.

18. Regularlycheckthedressing,incision,anddrainage
systemforexcessiveblood,watchforsignsofbleeding
andbealertforsignsofinfection
Documenttheintakeandoutput.Recorddrainagefrom
eachdrainseparately.

19. Encouragepatienttowalkfrequentlyandtoavoid
prolongedsitting.Teachthepatientwhentoseethe
physicianforfollow-upcare
Nurseshouldhelpthepatientambulatethedayafter
surgeryandprovideotherroutinepostoperativecare,
includingencouragingdeepbreathingtoprevent
pulmonarycomplications.

22. Good time with you