Protected areas in India : National parks & Sanctuaries

National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Protected area, In - situ conservation, Role of wildlife sanctuaries & National parks

1. Presented by… Maitri M. Thakor M.sc . (Botany) Department of life sciences, H.N.G.U ., Patan. In situ conservation : protected areas in I ndia 1

2. Content Introduction Sanctuaries National parks 2 Sources : https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nationalparksinindiaaj-130701232158-phpapp02/95/national-parks-in-india-aj-3-638.jpg?cb=1372721000 Sources: https ://greathimalayannationalpark.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Biodiversity_DactylorhizaHatageria640.jpg

3. Introduction In situ conservation : “On-site conservation’’ or the conservation of genetic resources in natural habitats. It is the process of protecting an endangered plant or animal in it’s natural habitats, either by protecting or cleaning up the habitat itself, or by defending the species from predators. It is applied to conservation of agricultural biodiversity in agro forestry by farmers, especially those using unconventional farming practices. It is being done by declaring area as protected area. 3

4. Protected area : A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed through local or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem series and cultural values. ( IUCN World Commission, 2008 ) It is supported by- World Commission On Protected Areas Convention on Biological Diversity. 4

5. In Situ conservation process divided into two parts. In Situ Conservation Protected area Sacred Forests & Lakes ● Sanctuaries (3.58 %) ● National parks ( 1.2 %) ● Biosphere reserve 5

6. Wildlife Sanctuaries Which area is declared for the purposes of protecting, propagating or developing ‘wildlife or it’s environment’ and give certain rights of people living inside that area could be permitted is known as Wildlife Sanctuaries . An international organization, the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) , and it’s World commission on Protected Areas , has defined “Wildlife Sanctuary” as its category IV type of protected area. 6

7. Wildlife sanctuary is not a very restricted area, it is open to general public. It does not have a specific boundary. Boundaries of Sanctuaries are not well defined and controlled biotic interference is permitted, e.g., Tourist activity. India’s wildlife is rich and diverse, almost 4% of India’s land is under forests. India has over 504 animals sanctuaries, referred to as wild life sanctuaries. 7

8. The wildlife sanctuaries in India are home to around 2000 different species of birds, 3500 species of mammals, nearly 30000 different kind of insects and more than 15000 varieties of plants. These sanctuary and forest reserves are home to several endangered species of animals, plants and birds like the Asiatic elephant, the Royal Bengal Tiger, the snow leopard and the Siberian crane. 8

9. Sources : https://image.slidesharecdn.com/conservationofplantsandanimals-161025173325/95/conservation-of-plants-and-animals-10-638.jpg?cb=1477416856 9

10. Resources : http://www.destinationsindia.com/wildlife-tours-of-india/images/maps/wildlifesantuaries.jpg 10

11. Important Wildlife Sanctuaries in India Name of Wildlife Sanctuary State Kaziranga National Park Assam Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Wild Ass Sanctuary Gujarat Dechigam Wildlife Sanctuary Jammu & Kashmir Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary Kerala Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary Orissa Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary Rajasthan Jaldapara Wildlife sanctuary West Bengal 11

12. Important Wildlife Sanctuaries in Gujarat Name of Sanctuary District Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, Wild Ass Sanctuary Kutch Shoolpaneshwar Wild life Sanctuary Narmada Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary Banaskantha Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary Kutch Barda Wild life Sanctuary Porbandar Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary Banaskantha Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary Panchmahal Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary Ahmedabad Ratanmahal Sloth Bear Sanctuary Dahod Thol Lake Bird Sanctuary Mehsana Khijadia Bird Sanctuary Jamnagar 12

13. National Parks which area is declared for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wildlife or it’s environment, like that of sanctuary, but random access to people is not allowed is known as National Parks . An international organization, IUCN (the International Union for Conservation Of Nature , and it’s World Commission on Protected Areas , has defined “National Park” as its category II type of protected area. 12

14. One or several ecosystems not materially altered by human exploitation and occupation where plant and animal species, geo-morphological sites and habitats are of special scientific, educational, and re-creation interest or which contain a natural landscape of great beauty. There are more than 166 authorized national parks in India till date. In national parks, the emphasis is on the preservation of a single plant or animal species. 13

15. India’s first national park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand. Resource : https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-073aa1db156660c5c3f33f1166b44a5c Resource : jpghttp://maaashapurafarm.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Jim-Corbett-National-Park-India.jpg 14

16. The national park has a definite boundary by state legislation. National park are always open for visitors, most national parks provide outdoor and camping to educate the importance of conservation. 15 Sources : http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SqRB8fq4Vh0/TiJ27FPxmEI/AAAAAAAABvI/QBNZbAYzcNE/s1600/Valley+of+Flowers+National+Park+03a.jpg

17. Resources :https://exampariksha.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/List-of-national-parks-in-India.jpg 16

18. Sources: https://d27k8xmh3cuzik.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Untitled-design-122.jpg Sources :https://corbettparkonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ranthambore-wildlife.jpg Sources: https ://www.photostocksource.com/images/plants-cactus/160213013-cactus-plant-lg.jpg ♣ Ranthambore National Park - Rajasthan 17

19. Important National Parks in India Name of National Park State Kaziranga National Park Assam Hajaribag National Park Bihar Gir National Park, Velavadar National Park Gujarat Bandipur National Park Karnataka Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh Ranthambore National Park Rajasthan Similipal National Park Orissa Corbett National Park, Rajaji National Park Uttar Pradesh 18

20. Important National Parks in Gujarat Name of Wildlife Sanctuary District Gir National Park Gir – Somnath Blackbuck National park, Velavadar Bhavnagar Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch Jamnagar, Devbhumi Dwarka Vansda National Park Navsari 19

21. Corbett National Park Location : Uttarakhand India’s one of the first and well known national park for tigers. The park acts as a protected area for the endangered Bengal tiger of India. It’s the first park for conservation of Tiger Project. It has 110 tree species. Source :https ://image.slidesharecdn.com/nationalparksinindiaaj-130701232158-phpapp02/95/national-parks-in-india-aj-3-638.jpg?cb=1372721000 19

22. Gir National Park Location : Gujarat Established in 1965 with a total area of 1412 km² for the sanctuary. It is the sole home of the Asiatic lions and is considered to be one of the most important supported species. Source: https ://media.indiatimes.in/media/facebook/2016/Sep/fb_1474007079_800x420.jpg 20 Sources: http ://www.indiantravelportal.com/gir-national-park/gifs/neem.jpg

23. Kaziranga National Park Location : Assam A world heritage site, located on the edge of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot the park combines high species diversity and visibility. The park is large breeding populations of tigers, elephant, wild water buffalo and swamp deer. Source :https ://indiaheritagesites.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/kaziranga_park_gate1.jpg?w=645 Sources: http ://www.dailyhawker.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kaziranga-National-Park.jpg 21

24. Role of Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park It help to protect wildlife. National parks help to protect Landscape. Parks and Sanctuaries are preserve the historical structure. It helping to preserve cultures and Tribes. It giving people the chance for healthy activity. 22

25. References 1) Fundamentals of Environmental Biology. Author : Meetu Gupta Edition : 2018 2) Ecology and Environment science Author : P. D. Sharma Edition : 2003 3) www.slideshare.net 23

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