protected cultivation and secondry agriculture.pptx

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1. Protected Cultivation

2. Introduction of Greenhouse Technology Greenhouse technology is the practice of using controlled environmental conditions to create an optimal growing environment for plants. It involves the use of structures, usually made of transparent materials like glass or plastic, to trap solar radiation and maintain a controlled climate. Greenhouses allow for a round year cultivation of plants, protection from adverse weather conditions, and the ability to optimize growth factors such as temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide levels.

3. P r o t ec t ed culti v a tion o n comm e r cial s c ale is undertaken in over 50 countries across the globe. First modern greenhouses were built in Italy in the thirteenth century. In India, green house technology started in 1980 and initially it was used for research only. In India, first polyhouse was designed and set up in 1985 at Leh (J & K ). In India , Maharashtra is covered major area of green house .

4. Protected Cultivation: A t e c hni q u e whe r ein the microclimate around the plant is controlled fully, partially or modified to protect the crop from adverse weather. Protected cultivation ensures: Conse r v a tion o f s oil moisture Efficient use of energy mainly solar

5. Present Scenario Country ha (‘000) China 81.0 Spain 70.4 South Korea 47.0 Japan 36.0 Turkey 25.0 India 25.0 Italy 16.5

6. Need of Protected Cultivation Higher yield Year a round cultivation Better quality Off-season production Assured production Generate self employment for the educated rural youth in the farm sector

7. Least pesticide residues Controlled pollination Vagaries of weather Easier plant protection Weed free cultivation

8. Types of Greenhouses Traditional or Glass Greenhouses : These greenhouses have transparent glass walls and roofs, providing excellent light transmission. They are often permanent structures and require a solid foundation. Plastic Film Greenhouses: These greenhouses use polyethene or other types of plastic film as the covering material. They are more affordable and easier to construct than glass greenhouses. Plastic film greenhouses are commonly used in commercial agriculture. Shade Houses : These greenhouses are designed to provide shade and protect plants from excessive sunlight. They have a shading material, typically made of woven fabric or netting, to reduce light intensity and prevent plant stress. Lean-to-Greenhouses: Lean-to-greenhouses are attached to an existing structure, such as a wall or building. They rely on the support of the main structure and have one side closed, utilizing the existing wall for insulation .

9. Shade Houses: These greenhouses are designed to provide shade and protect plants from excessive sunlight. They have a shading material, typically made of woven fabric or netting, to reduce light intensity and prevent plant stress. Lean-to-Greenhouses: Lean-to-greenhouses are attached to an existing structure , such as a wall or building. They rely on the support of the main structure and have one side closed, utilizing the existing wall for insulation. Hydroponic Greenhouses: These greenhouses are specifically designed for hydroponic cultivation, where plants are grown in nutrient-rich water without soil. They incorporate systems for water circulation, nutrient delivery, and plant support.

10. Plant Response to Greenhouse Environment Greenhouse environments can be manipulated to provide optimal conditions for plant growth and productivity. Some key factors that influence plant response in a greenhouse include: Temperature: Greenhouses allow control over temperature, ensuring favourable conditions for plant growth. Different plants have specific temperature requirements during various stages of growth. Light: Greenhouses can manipulate natural sunlight and supplement it with artificial lighting to provide the necessary light intensity and duration for plant growth. Light affects plant photosynthesis , flowering, and fruiting. Humidity: Greenhouse humidity levels can be adjusted to meet plant requirements. High humidity reduces water loss through transpiration, but excessive humidity can lead to disease development.