Protection of Industries From Frequent Faults

Sppr

1. Protection Of Industries F rom Frequent Faults Using Single Phase Preventer Relay Under The Guidance Of Mrs.Amtullah By 160312734016 160312734030 160312734038

2. Contents Introduction Aim Of Project Faults Block Diagram Components Used Circuit Diagram Single Line Design SPPR Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION Electrical power system engineering comprises power generation, transmission, distribution, and the utilization of electricity. Modern trends in the development of electric power systems explore means of improving efficiency in these stages mentioned. On the demand side, the protection of consumer equipment and appliances from damage and total destruction due to phase failures is an issue of paramount importance mainly in parts of the world with unsteady supply of electricity.

4. Frequent Faults Occurring In Industries PHASE SEQUENCE FAULT. PHASE FAILURE. PHASE UNBALANCE.

5. Phase S equence Fault Phase sequence fault may occur due to any change in the sequence R, Y, B. If it occurs the motor will rotate in the reverse direction. It causes lot of revenue loss and is sometimes life threatening also.

6. Phase Unbalance In three phase system the voltage between any two phases is 400v. Sometimes the voltage between all phase to phase is not 400v this condition is called as phase unbalance fault. It leads to over heating of motors and reduction in the life of motors and appliances .

7. Phase Failure Effects of PHASE FAILURE on Single-Phase and Three Phase Ovens or Heaters. Single-phase ovens or heaters on the open phase discontinue operation. Single-phase ovens or heaters on the other two phases continue in operation. Three-phase ovens or heaters are not damaged by single-phasing. Usually, the heat output is reduced dependent upon the voltage change Effect of PHASE FAILURE ON Motors. Single-phase motors on the open phase discontinue operation. PHASE FAILURE may affect three-phase motors due to voltage fluctuations. The rated RPM decreases and may get over heated

8. C omponents Used HG FUSE CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTACTOR THERMAL OVER LOAD RELAY MOTOR PROTECTION CIRCUIT BREAKER SPPR PUSH BUTTONS TRIVECTOR METER

9. HG FUSE Horngap fuse are used in overhead power lines and used along with airbreak switches.

10. Miniature Circuit Breaker M iniature circuit breaker is an isolator with protection, it automatically switches off the electrical circuit during abnormal condition of the network means in over load condition as well as faulty condition.

11. C ontactor A contactor is an electrically controlled switch used for switching a power circuit .

12. Over load Relay Overload relays protect the motor from overload by disconnecting the power to the motor and stopping its operation .

13. CURRENT TRANSFORMER IS A TYPE OF “INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER” THAT IS DESIGNED TO PRODUCE AN ALTERNATING CURRENT IN ITS SECONDARY WINDING WHICH IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE CURRENT BEING MEASURED IN ITS PRIMARY. CURRENT TRANSFORMERS REDUCE HIGH VOLTAGE CURRENTS TO A MUCH LOWER VALUE AND PROVIDE A CONVENIENT WAY OF SAFELY MONITORING THE ACTUAL ELECTRICAL CURRENT FLOWING IN AN AC TRANSMISSION LINE USING A STANDARD AMMETER. THE PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION OF A CURRENT TRANSFORMER IS NO DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF AN ORDINARY TRANSFORMER.

14. Pushbutton Switches It is an electric switch used to switch On and Off the supply from motor. Push button switches are selected not only by their ratings,but also by their contact type. Pushbutton switches may have either wiping or butt contacts. Wiping contacts have low resistance and have less life whereas butt contacts have high resistance and have longer life.

15. Timer Timer is a device that operates as an electric switch controlled by the timing mechanism.

16. TYPES OF TIMERS ON DELAY TIMER OFF DELAY TIMER ADDITIONAL TYPE OF TIMERS:- 1.INTERVAL ON OPERATE 2.FLASHER 3.CYCLIC TIMER 4. HOURS TIMER

17. Aim Of Project To explain the details of a method, we have developed that detects cases of phase failure and takes the appropriate measure that will save the consumer loads from damages. Here we are going to discuss phase faults related to the protection of the Food Industry.

18. Single Line Design

19. Continued Single Line Design

20. ELECTRICAL DESIGNING OF FOOD INDUSTRIES. MCC PANEL MIXER=25HP*6 GRINDER=30HP*3 PACKING=10HP*6 TOTAL=300HP =300*0.746 =225KW. UTILITY LOAD OFFICE=25KW PUMP=10HP*2 LIFT=15HP*3 TOTAL=65HP =65*0.746 =118KW+25KW =143KW

21. ELECTRICAL DESIGNING OF FOOD INDUSTRIES. PCC PANEL BAKERY=110KW OVEN=80KW TOTAL=190KW AUTOMATION CONVEYOR BELT=30HP*1 TOTAL =30HP =30*0.746 =134KW.

22. Block Diagram

23. Circuit Diagram

24. SPPR: Single Phasing Preventer Relay.

25. What is single phase preventer relay ? The relay which protects the industries from phase failure, phase sequence, phase un-balance, phase sequence faults is called as SPPR. The relay senses all the above faults and is used to start the generator if any faults occur in transformer supply

26. Advantages Of SPPR Operates on the principle of sensing negative sequence component of the system. Suitable for protection of motor of any H.P. Protection against single phasing,reverse phasing,unbalance supply. No separate auxillary supply is required. Individual trip indication for spp,reverse phasing and indication for output relay ON. Auto reset type voltage hysterisis gap for tripping on under/over voltage .

27. Applications Of SPPR Electric panels . Genset panels. Package unit and central air conditioning plants. Compressor motors. Submersible pumps. Cold storages.

28. Conclusion By This Project We Have Studied The Frequent Faults Occurring In Industries And Prevention Of Industries From Phase Faults Using SPPR We Are Able To Protect Industry From: Phase Failure Phase Unbalance Phase Sequence