Protein Structure

This Is an PPT about Protein Structure

1. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,MESRA,RANCHI JAIPUR CAMPUS Presentation on “PROTEIN STRUCTURE ” Presented By: SATYA PRAKASH RANJAN MCA/25005/18

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO PROTEIN STRUCTURE PRIMARY STRUCTURE SECONDARY STRUCTURE TERTIARY STRUCTURE QUATERNARY STRUCTURE

3. By, SATYA PRAKASH RANJAN

4. Proteins are an important class of biological macromolecules which are the polymers of amino acids. Biochemists have distinguished several levels of structural organization of proteins. They are: Primary structure Secondary structure Tertiary structure Quaternary structure INTRODUCTION

5. PRIMARY STRUCTURE The primary structure of protein refers to the sequence of amino acids present in the polypeptide chain. Amino acids are covalently linked by peptide bonds. Each component amino acid in a polypeptide is called a “residue” or “moiety”

6. SECONDARY STRUCTURE Localized arrangement of adjacent amino acids formed as the polypeptide chain folds. Types of secondary structure α-helix β-pleated sheet

7. Spiral structure Tightly packed, coiled polypeptide backbone core. Side chain extend outwards Stabilized by H bonding b/w carbonyl oxygen and amide hydrogen . Alpha helical segments are found in many globular proteins like myoglobins, troponin- C etc. ALPHA HELIX H bonding

8. BETA PLEATED SHEET Formed when 2 or more polypeptides line up side by side. Individual polypeptide - β strand Each β strand is fully extended. They are st a bil i zed by H b o nd b/w N -H and carbonyl grps of adjacent chains. 2 types P a r al l el Anti -Parallel N N C C C N N C

9. TERTIARY STRUCTURE Tertiary structure is the three- dimensional conformation of a polypeptide. The common features of protein tertiary structure reveal much about the biological functions of the proteins and their evolutionary origins. The function of a protein depends on its tertiary structure. If this is disrupted, it loses its activity.

10. Polypeptide chains containing more than ,200 residues usually fold into two or more globular clusters known as domains. Fundamental functional and 3 dimensional structure of proteins. Domains often have a specific function such as the binding of a small molecule. Many domains are structurally independent units that have the characteristics of small globular proteins. The two-domain protein glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. NAD+

11. The biological function of some molecules is determined by multiple polypeptide chains – multimeric proteins. Arrangement of polypeptide sub unit is called quaternary structure. Sub units are held together by non covalent interactions. Eg: Hemoglobin has the subunit composition a 2 b 2 QUATERNARY STRUCTURE Quaternary structure of hemoglobin.

12. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS A team of scientists at The Scripps Research Institute and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has discovered the structure of a protein – dynamin , that pinches off tiny pouches from cell’s outer membranes. Scientists at the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology have revealed the structure of a complex protein called FimD that acts as an assembly platform for the pili of cystitis bacteria. Researchers from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have found a structural surprise in a type of protein, Bcl-w ,that encourages cell survival, raising interesting questions about how the proteins function to influence programmed cell death.

13. CON C LUSION Proteins are extraordinarily complex molecules. Of all the molecules encountered in living organisms, proteins have the most diverse functions. So a basic understanding of the structure of proteins is necessary to comprehend its role in organisms. Further researches will provide more insight into the structure of several other proteins in the coming year.

14. REFE R ENCE https:// www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/macromolecules/proteins-and-amino-acids/a/orders-of-protein-structure?utm_account=Grant&utm_campaignname=Grant_Science_Dynamic&gclid=Cj0KCQjw7sDlBRC9ARIsAD-pDFrIMCZxtuUDmbRmMkoVppDrxrkBpIZh64xit8bD9jK-jgh93cCE2zwaArahEALw_wcB step . closer. with. discovery. protein. structure https :// wp.nyu.edu/ step.closer.with.discovery.bacterial.protein.structure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkjilyNaT3M s Channel name shomu’s biology

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