Proteins and nutrition a chapter of PSM.pptx

PPT on proteins and other relevant aspects of nutrition

1. PROTEINS

2. PROTEINS IN THE BODY

3. FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS

4. WHAT IS PROTEIN? Protein: an energy-yielding nutrient composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Differs from carbohydrates and fats because of the presence of nitrogen. The body has at least 30,000 types of protein, each with a different job. The building blocks of all protein molecules are amino acids.

5. PROTEIN STRUCTURE Nitrogen containing amino acids 22 amino acids Essential amino acids Leucine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Valine, Methionine, Threonine, Tryptophan & Phenylalanine Quality of Protein

6. QUALITY OF PROTEINS NPU > 65 – Optimum Egg = 100 NPU Limiting amino acid Complimentary Foods Idli – Sambhar Rice Dal Dal Kichri Wada Pav

7. HOW MUCH PROTEIN SHOULD ONE CONSUME? Protein is not stored in the body Quantity depends on: Age Gender Body Size State of Health

8. RDA

9. DIET PLAN : PROTEIN

10. DIET PLAN: PROTEINS Balanced Diet Focus on Carbohydrates: 60 – 65% Low end of Fats: 10 – 20% Remaining calories are adequate for Protein: 20-30% Avoid dehydration Consume low-fat sources of protein Use low-fat cooking methods: grilling, baking, & poaching

11. NUTRITIVE VALUE : PULSES & LEGUMES

12. SOYABEAN Dal, Nuggets ( Baris ), Can be mixed with wheat flours, Kurkure, Tofu, Milk, Curd Rich in alpha-linolenic acid (>5%) besides its high contents of linoleic acid (53%) Rich in carotene, niacin and folic acid

13. NUTS Ground nut Rich in MUFA, Niacin Part of multipurpose food

14. CEREALS AND MILLETS

15. MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

16. NON VEGETARIAN FOOD Ser. No Food Item Protein Content (per 100 gm) 1 Egg 13.3 2 Meat 21.4 3 Fish 21.8

17. WHO NEEDS MORE PROTEIN? Growing youth and teens Pregnant & Breast Feeding Women Teen & Adult Males Individuals with Lean Muscle Large, tall person in comparison to a small, short person Ill and Injured People to build antibodies and rebuild damaged tissue

18. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT DURING PREGNANCY & LACTATION

19. BALANCED DIET FOR PREGNANT WOMEN

20. BALANCED DIET FOR LACTATING WOMEN

21. TODDLERS AND TEENS

22. YOUNG AND COMBATANTS When increased muscle mass is not the goal, large amounts of extra protein are not required Supplements to increase intake may have more harmful affects than benefits Injured People to build antibodies and rebuild damaged tissue Most athletic activities require higher levels of energy which requires more carbohydrates for energy to spare proteins to build and repair muscles Low Intensity sports like running need less compared to High Intensity sports like strength training. In weight lifting, more protein will help improve muscle mass

23. PROTEIN REQUIREMENT IN ADULTS If the individual is a(n) Protein needs Sedentary Adult .8 g/kg Moderate working Adult 1g/kg Growing teen athlete 1.5-2.0 g/kg Adult in strength training 1.5-1.7 g/kg Adult in endurance training 1.2-1.7 g/kg

24. Protein Deficiency & Over Consumption Nitrogen Balance : comparison of the nitrogen a person consumes with the nitrogen he or she excretes. Protein is the only energy nutrient that provides nitrogen Nitrogen Equilibrium: excrete the same amount that is taken in Positive Nitrogen Balance: build new tissue - takes in more than is excreted Negative Nitrogen Balance: tissues that are deteriorating. Example: body that is wasting due to starvation

25. Protein Deficiency Deficiency: shortage Deficiency Disease: sickness caused by a lack of an essential nutrient. Populations fighting poverty, deficiency is not uncommon.

26. Protein Deficiency Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM): lack of calories and protein in the diet. Symptoms: diarrhea and & various nutrient deficiencies. Kwashiorkor is a form or PEM, a protein deficiency disease. In poor countries it can occur when the next sibling is born and the older sibling is no longer receiving protein-rich breast milk and starts a diet that is much lower in protein

27. PROTEIN DEFICIENCY Child suffering from Kwashiorkor: Does not reach full growth potential Bloated abdomen Skinny arms and legs Fluid imbalance resulting in death from simple illnesses. Marasmus: wasting disease cause by a lack of calories and protein Most often affects infants Muscles and tissues of these children begin to waste away More susceptible to infection and disease. Suffering from starvation

28. Protein Over Consumption Excess Protein Liver & Kidney Problems Produces an overabundance of nitrogen waste. Body must excrete this waste before it builds up to toxic levels. Liver turns nitrogen waste into urea, kidneys are then responsible for excreting through urine Extra work on the liver and kidneys creating stress and aging Calcium Loss Diets high in protein from animals contribute to calcium loss in the bones Excess Body Fat

29. TOPIC DISCUSSION 1. Introduction & Basics Major Foods and their Nutritive Value Nutritional Deficiency diseases of Public Health Importance 2. Requirement of Special Groups – General & Military How is requirement addressed in NHPs, Ration Scale Requirement during Special Climates & Situations SRS, ORPs Hosp Diet 4. Processing, Adulteration, Preservatives, Toxicants, Fortification 5. Surveillance in a community. 6. Regulations 7. Open session – 15 minutes Presentation by residents followed by discussions Faculty 15 Minutes each