PROTEINS, GENES, DNA, and CHROMOSOMES.pptx

proteins

1. PRE-TEST Direction: Answer the following questions. Write only the letter of the best answer on a ¼ sheet of paper .

2. 1 . All of the following are functions of proteins EXCEPT . a. providing structural support b. acts as a catalyst c. provides energy for metabolism d. transmitting chemical energies 2 . Proteins are macromolecules made up of . a. cells b. amino acids c. ascorbic acid d. enzyme

3. 3. Which one of the chemical substances is not in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid )? a. Guanine b. Cytosine c. Adenine d. Thyroxine 4. What is the usual number of chromosomes in humans ? a. 48 b. 46 c. 47 d. 50 5. Hemoglobin in the blood is an example of a . a. globular protein b. derived protein c. fibrous protein d. simple protein

4. 6. Protein synthesis leads to a number of chemical reactions, summarized into two steps called . a. Relation and transfer b. Transcription and translation c. Translation and transcription d. Transfer and concentration 7. Mutation can be defined as . a. Change especially genetic b. Usual composition of matter c. Good or bad changes in cells d. Long-term change in matter

5. 8 . DNA stands for . a. Dihydroxylribonucleus actin b. Deonuclear acid c. Dihybrid natural amplification d. deoxyribonucleic acid 9 . In humans, mutations can be the result of . a. Racial discrimination b. Political intervention c. X-ray exposure d. Migration pattern

6. 10. There are three different types of RNA, and they are . a. bRNA , tRNA , and mRNA b. mRNA , rRNA , and tRNA c. cRNA , mRNA, and rRNA d. dRNA , DNA, and tRNA .

7. Answers: c b d b a 6 . b 7. c 8. d 9. c 10. b

8. PROTEINS, GENES, DNA, and CHROMOSOMES

9. Activity 1 “Where do I belong?”

10. Activity 1 “Where do I belong?”

11. Lesson Objectives: Explain the difference between chromosomes, genes and DNA Identify Genes, DNA and Chromosomes Appreciate the importance of protein in living organisms

12. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

13. WHAT IS DNA? is a molecule that contains the hereditary biological instructions to build and maintain an organism.

14. DNA belong to a type of molecules called nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are long chains of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of: a nitrogenous base – cytosine (C), guanine(G), adenine (A), and thymine (T ) b. a five-carbon sugar molecule – deoxyribose c. a phosphate molecule

15. Nitrogenous Base Nitrogenous bases are molecules that contain nitrogen and have the chemical properties of a base Four nitrogenous base: Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C)

16. The DNA strand is complementary to each other

17. D ifference between, chromosomes, genes, and DNA

18. CHROMOSOME Are thread-like structures made up of DNA coiled around proteins called histones.

19. GENES Genes are sequences of DNA that code for a molecule that has a function. Sometimes, genes code to make proteins.

20. Eye Color Gene Skin color Gene

21. D ifference between, chromosomes, genes, and DNA

22. PROTEINS are large, highly complex molecules made in the ribosome and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes Sulphur. are made up organic compounds called amino acids, and different proteins are made by forming combinations from any of the 20 amino acids.

23. Functions of Protein: P roviding structural support

24. Two different types of proteins according to structure: Fibrous – these have an elongated shape, and usually for structure and support. Globular – these have a spherical shape and have many functions like regulation, transport, and serve as catalysts.

25. Functions of Protein: Act as a catalyst A fundamental task of proteins is to act as enzymes.

26. Functions of Protein: transmitting chemical signals The cell has a protein called receptors that bind to signaling molecules and initiate a physiological response .

27. Importance of Protein in our body It helps repair and build your body’s tissues, allows metabolic reactions to take place and coordinates bodily functions. There are proteins which make us grow tall, stimulate our body parts to grow, mature and function. Our hair and nails are made up of protein called keratin.

28. ACTIVITY 2 Directions: Use the word on the box below to label the following structures. Write your answer on your notebook.

29. DNA Gene Centromere Chromosome Nucleus Cell 1 2 3 4 5 6 CELL NUCLEUS CHROMOSOME DNA CENTROMERE GENE

30. Q1.Based on the picture above explain what is the difference between DNA, genes, and chromosomes

31. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO UNDERTAND THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DNA?

32. Why do we need protein in our body?

33. QUIZ Directions: Directions: Read the questions carefully and write only the letter of the correct answer on your paper. (1 point each ) 1. DNA stands for? A. dihydroyxylribonucleus actin B. deonuclear acid C. dihybrid natural amplification D. deoxyribonucleic acid

34. 2. Are large, highly complex molecules made in the ribosome and contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes Sulphur. A. DNA B. Genes C. Protein D. Chromosomes 3. Is a molecule that contains the hereditary biological instructions to build and maintain an organism. A. DNA B. Genes C. Protein D. Chromosomes

35. 4. It is a thread-like structures made up of DNA coiled around proteins called histones. A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. A. DNA B. Genes C. Protein D. Chromosomes 5. Which of the chemical substances is not in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)? A. Guanine B. Cytosine C. Adenine D. Thyroxine

36. 6 . All of the following are functions of proteins EXCEPT . A. providing structural support B. acts as a catalyst C. provides energy for metabolism D. transmitting chemical energies 7 . Proteins are macromolecules made up of . A. cells B. amino acids C. ascorbic acid D. enzyme

37. 8 . Which one of the chemical substances is not in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)? A. Guanine B. Cytosine C. Adenine D. Thyroxine 9-10. Explain the importance of protein in the human body.

38. Answers: 1. d 2. c 3. a 4. d 5. d 6. c 7. b 8. d

39. ASSIGNMENT : Direction: Write your assignment in a ½ sheet of paper. Do a research about Protein synthesis and define the following terms: RNA Protein Synthesis DNA Replication Transcription Translation