Protozoa

Protozoa

1. ANIMAL KINGDOM PHYLUM PROTOZOA

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4. Introduction, Other features, Locomotion, Nutrition and digestion, Respiration, Excretion, Reproduction Synopsis

5. Introduction

6. INTRODUCTION It is 3rd largest phylum. One called body performed all the biological activities like multicellular animals. So they are termed as “ Acellular ” organism, proposed by Dobell. Protozoans were first studied by Leeuwenhoek . The name Protozoa was coined by Goldfuss . Study of protozoon’s is known as Protozoology .

7. Other features

8. OTHER FEATURES They are world wide, Cosmopolitan mostly Microscopic, Aquatic, terrestrial, free living (Amoeba) or parasitic (Plasmodium). Solitary or colonial ( Proteropongia ). Causes serious diseases or pathogenic Protozoas are small microscopic, Eukaryotic Unicellular, Colourless , Spherical, Oval, Bell shaped, Spindle shaped slipper like having irregular s ymmetry .

9. OTHER FEATURES Body level of organisation of Protozons is Protoplasmic level. Consists of uninucleate or multinucleate protoplasm mostly naked or some have body bounded by delicate membrane or a firm pellicle, Lorica or shell. In few groups of protozoa CaCO 3 & Silica shell’s Exoskeleton is found e.g Radiolarian group & Foraminiferan group. Number of nuclei vary from one to many. Few show nuclear dimorphism e.g. Paramoecium . Body performs all necessary biological activity so in them subcellular - Physiological division of Labour is found.

10. Locomotion

11. FINGER-LIKE PSEUDOPODIA E.g. AMOEBA

12. WHIP LIKE FLAGELLA E.g. EUGLENA

13. HAIRY CILIA E.g. PARAMOECIUM

14. OTHER MOVEMENTS By contraction No motion

15. Nutrition and Digestion

16. NUTRITION AND DIGESTION Nutrition of Protozoans are mainly Holozoic (Amoeba) Mixotrophic (Euglena) Parasitic Saprozoic (Plasmodium ) Digestion is intracellular takes place in food vacuole.

17. Respiration Excretion

18. RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION Respiration and Excretion take place by exchange of gases through body surface. Some excretion may occur through contractile vacuole. Nitrogenous waste is Ammonia. Some fresh water protozoans get rid of excess water through contractile vacuole known as Osmoregulation . Amoeba has one and Paramoecium has two vacuoles.

19. Reproduction

20. Asexual Binary fission ( Ameoba ) Transverse fission ( Paramoecium ) Longitudinal fission ( Trypansoma , Euglena) Multiple fission (Plasmodium) Budding REPRODUCTION Sexual Syngamy (Plasmodium) Conjugation ( Paramoecium ) Some also form cyst which help during unfavourable condition for reproduction of organism. They do not have natural - death because in unicellular animals there is no division of somatoplasm & germplasm so these are considered as immortal.

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