Provincial Architecture of Jaunpur.pdf

The features and characteristics of provincial architecture of Jaunpur, focusing mainly on Jami masjid and Lal darwaza, also comparison between provincial architecture of jaunpur and bijapur.

1. PROVINCIAL STYLE
JAUNPUR (1360-1480)
SUBMITTED BY :
NIKHIL TARAM - 21122018
SAUMYA GAJBHIYE- 21122026
SHUBHAM KATENDRA - 21122029
SHREETI DAHARIYA -

2. HISTORY
Tughlaq monarch gave Jaunpur's governor title 'Malik-ushSharq' (King
of the East), leading to Sharqi dynasty.
Sharqi dynasty made Jaunpur a center for Islamic art, architecture
and learning, known as 'Shiraz-i-Hind'.
Sikander Lodi destroyed most of Jaunpur's structures, leaving only 5
mosques.
Sultan Shams-ud-Din Ibrahim (1402-36) formed the main style of
architecture in Jaunpur.
Features:
Pylons are a common feature built on the facade to accentuate
entrances.
Arches are of the 'depressed four-centered' or 'Tudor' variety with
'Fleur-de-Lys' fringes.
Builders were uncertain of the curves and contours of the arches,
resulting in weak wavering in larger examples.
Hindu masons and artisans were more comfortable with the trabeate
system of construction, which was frequently used.
Pillars have square monolithic shafts with bands across the middle,
forming the capital out of which clusters of rough-executed brackets
emerge.

3. Main Buildings:
LAL DARWAZA MOSQUE/JAUNPUR1.
Lal Darwaza Masjid was built around AD 1450 by Bibi Raja,
the queen of Mahmud Shah, as part of a scheme that
included a palace, now destroyed.
It is a smaller, simplified reproduction of the Atala Masjid,
with a distinctive "high gate painted with vermilion."
The screened upper compartment for the zenana is placed
centrally, unlike its archetype.
The mosque features open-work screens surrounding the
zenana galleries.
Its architect was a Hindu named Kamau, son of Visadru,
and the design consists of a courtyard with three gateways
leading up to the pylon of the facade.
The side pylons were omitted due to its smaller size,
resulting in a less well-defined poise and balanced effect
compared to the Atala Masjid.

4. The courtyard is a square 40M side.
N
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
A -Central entrance
B-South gate
C-West facade
D-From courtyard
E,F,G-Prayer room -inside-

5. LAL DARWAZA MOSQUE
decorated string courses
ornamented arched recessed or niches
cusped(multifoil arches) stands on octagonal shaft
tympanum of each is carved ,a lotus rosette
spandrel of arches ,small rosette are carved
top propylon -cornice - friezes
double ogee arch
molded corbel
massive stone lintels rest on the large brackets
capitals
GATEWAY
octagonal plan
each side has a trellis window
Dome

6. A. CENTER ENTRANCE IS THE EAST GATE B: SOUTH GATE
DOUBLE OGEE
CARVED LOTUS ROSSETTE ON THE SPANDREL
pylon painted with vermillion sand
double ogee arch, ornamented recessed arch
top propylon cornice and frieze, molded corbel,
decorated Spandrel

7. C-WEST FACADE
VIEWING PRAYER ROOM FROM COURTYARD
D-FROM COURTYARD
octagonal dome plan
each side has a trellis window
finial
bastions

8. E,F,G; Prayer room -Inside-
E : Viewing prayer room from courtyard
F : Prayer room
Viewing the central part from south
G : Prayer room, central part

Mihrab and Minbar
square monolithic shaft

9. 2. JAMA MASJID
Built by Husain Shah in A.D. 1470.
Repeats many of the essential features of the Atala Masjid
on a larger scale.
The entire structure is raised on a plinth 16'-20' in height
and approached by a steep but imposing flight of steps.
The mosque follows the form and structure of the Atala
Masjid, with an imposing appearance emphasized by a
basement, a pylon-shaped entrance gate with double
arches, and long stairs in front of the gate.
The main prayer room is spacious with tunnel vaults in the
prayer rooms on either side.
Rich open work is seen in various places on the inside and
outside walls, which is not common in other mosques in
Jaunpur.
Some scholars, including Dr. Percy Brown, recognize a
certain kind of "decadence" in the workmanship of the
following generation, nearly one century after the
foundation of both the Atala Masjid and the Jama Masjid.

10. • Its plan, similar to Sharqi mosques, consists of a long
rectangular prayer hall occupying the western side of a
colonnaded courtyard.
A
D
c
B
E
F
D
G
A-EAST GATE -FACADE-
B -PRAYER ROOM -EXTERIOR- AND WEST SIDE OF THE
SOUTH CORRIDOR
C-SOUTH GATE
D , D'-CENTRAL IWAN
E-DOMED CHAMBER -INTERIOR-
F-NORTH WING OF THE PRAYER ROOM
G- NORTH GATE AND CORRIDORS

11. A-East gate -facade-
B -Prayer room -exterior- and west side of the south corridor
string courses
four-centred arch of ogee form.
ornamented arched recessed or niches
The spandrils over the arch are panelled and ornamented by patere (ornamental circular)
top propylon -cornice - friezes ,corner finial
molded corbel
floral patterns on recessed multifoil arch
The top of the gateway is crowned by an elaborate and bold cornice,
plinth that is six meters high.
bastions

C-South gate

12. D ,D'-Central iwan
The design of the pylons screenwork and carved panels under the cusped
arches are different from each other has latticed window openings
pylon 29M high and 23.4M wide at the base.

13. E-Domed chamber -interior-
Mihrab, from east
F-North wing of the prayer room
Mihrab, from east
The prayer hall is centred around a square sanctuary, covered by a
dome that measures 11.4 meters in diameter. Windows pierced into
the dome's drum illuminate the interior.
Multi-pillered room

14. G- NORTH GATE AND CORRIDORS
Corridors
octagonal dome plan
surrounded by arched corridors with pillared halls

15. Cloisters are two storeys high In the center of each
the cloister is an entrance hall covered by a dome.

16. FACTORS JAUNPUR BIJAPUR
PLAN
THE SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR PLAN
CONSISTS OF A LONG RECTANGULAR
PRAYER HALL OCCUPYING THE WESTERN
SIDE OF A COLONNADED COURTYARD.
SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR PLAN
AND HAVE A CENTRAL HALL WITH A DOME
OVER IT.
MATERIAL WHITE MARBLE AND SANDSTONE
BRICK, GREY BASALT, AND PLASTER FOR
ORNAMENT AND SCULPTURE
DOMES OCTAGONAL DOME CIRCULAR DOME
ARCHES
MAINLY MULTIFOIL, OGEE, AND
CORBELLED ARCHES WITH ORNAMENTS
USE OF POINTED ARCHES , CONTAINING
CURVE AND HAS FOUR-CENTERED
VARIETY.
COURTYARDS
SURROUNDED BY CLOISTERS AND
GATEWAYS, WITH INTRICATE TILE WORK
WITH GRAND GATEWAYS AND
LANDSCAPED GARDENS
COMPARISON OF PROVINCIAL STYLE OF JAUNPUR AND BIJAPUR

17. FACTORS JAUNPUR BIJAPUR
FACADE
symmetrical grid-like pattern with a
prominent central entrance. recessed
arches ,pylon

stone and stucco, the central entrance
flanked by smaller openings, pointed
arches, bulbous domes, and often
minarets.
MINARATES ABSENCE OF MINARATES
OCTAGONAL MINARATES AND HAVE A
TAPERING DESIGN
ORNAMENTATION
intricate designs of flowers, lotus and rose
flowers. Abstract motifs crescents, and
interlocking circles.
geometric patterns, floral designs, and
calligraphy, which are carved into the
stone. and stucco work , tile and
marble
GATEWAYS
prominent entrance with pylon sideways
small arches on it
more ornate, stucco, and painted
decoration often grand, with a central
pointed arch and smaller arches on
either side.

18. http://islamicarchitectureinindia.weebly.com/jaunpur-style.html
REFERENCES
http://surl.li/gjqja

books
THE SHARQI ARCHITECTURE OR JAUNPUR

Indian architecture (Islamic period)
by Percy brown