Proximity sensor

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1. Proximity sensor SHWETA JINDAL B.tech3 rd year (EI) BTBTN12410 Roll no. - 7733

2. TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION TYPES OF PROXIMITY SENSOR CONSTRUCTION WORKING APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE CONCLUSION REFRENCES

3. What Is A Proximity Sensor A Proximity Sensor Detects An Object When The Object Approaches Within The Detection Range And Boundary Of The Sensor. Proximity Sensor Includes All The Sensor That Perform Non Contact Detection In Comparison To Sensors Such As Limit Switch ,That Detect The Object By Physically Contacting Them.

4. INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR ULTRASONIC PROXIMITY SENSOR OPTICAL PROXIMITY SENSOR Types of proximity sensor

5. An Inductive proximity sensor is an electronic proximity sensor , which detect metallic object without touching them. Their operating principle is based on a coil and high frequency oscillator that creates a field in the close surrounding of the sensing surface . The operating distance of the sensor depends on the coil’s size as well as the target ‘s shape, size and material INDUCTIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR

6. The Main Components Of The Inductive Proximity Sensor Are . Coil, Oscillator, Detector And The Output Circuit The Operating Distance Of The Sensor Depends On The Actuator's Shape And Size And Is Strictly Linked To The Nature Of The Material The Coil Generates The High Frequency Magnetic Field In Front Of The Face. When The Metallic Target Comes In This Magnetic Field It Absorbs Some Of The Energy Construction and Working

7. Cont.. Hence the oscillator field is affected. The rise or fall of such oscillation is identified by a threshold circuit..that changes the output of the sensor.

8. ADVANTAGES they are very accurate compared to other technologies. Have high switching rate. Can work in harsh environmental conditions. DISADVANTAGES It can detect only metallic target. Operating range may be limited.

9. Capacitive Sensor Are Used For Non Contact Detection Of Metallic Object And Non Metallic Object (liquid, Plastic, Wooden Material Etc.) Capacitive Proximity Sensors Use The Variation Of Capacitance Between The Sensor And Object Being Detected. Capacitance Methods Are Very Sensitive , Distance Down To One Micro Inch Can Be Measured. Capacitive proximity sensors

10. The Main Components Of The Capacitive Proximity Sensor Are Plate, Oscillator, Threshold Detector And The Output Circuit. The Plate Inside The Sensor Acts As One Plate Of The Capacitor And The Target Acts As Another Plate And The Air Acts As The Dielectric Between The Plates. The Capacitive Sensor Can Detect Any Targets Whose Dielectric Constant Is More Than Air Construction and working

11. Cont. . As the object comes close to the plate of the capacitor the capacitance increases and as the object moves away the capacitance decreases an electronic circuit inside the sensor begins to oscillate. The rise or the fall of such oscillation is identified by a threshold circuit and based on that output switches.

12. ADVANTAGES It can detect both metallic and non metallic targets. Good stability High Speed Capacitive sensors are good in terms of power usage Low cost DISADVANTAGES They are affected by temperature and humidity Difficulties in designing Capacitive proximity sensors are not as accurate compare to inductive sensors.

13. The Proximity Of The Object Is Detected By The Action Of The Travelling Light Move. These Sensors Use Light Sensitive Elements To Detect Objects And Are Made Up Of An Transmitter (Light Source) And A Receiver The Object Within The Range Of The Sensor Can Detect The Presence. OPTICAL SENSOR

14. The Light Emitted By The Transmitter Focuses On The Object Which Reflects To Be Received By The Receiver Photo Diode. The Reflected Waves Travel Back And Received By The Solid State Photo Diode, Through The Receiver Lens.

15. ADVANTAGES They Are Useful And Can Help Many Security Problems.  DISADVANTGES They Can Easily Be Set Off And Cause Problems. They Are Expensive Than Inductive And Capacitive Proximity Sensor APPLICATION Optical proximity sensors mostly apply in automobile/process eng. For distance measurement, level sensing etc.

16. Ultrasonic Sensor Are Some Type Used In Place Of Optical Sensors . Instead Of Using An Light Beam , A High Frequency Sound Wave Is Used. This Sound Wave Is Above Normal Hearing Frequencies And Are Called Ultrasonic Frequencies Around 40 KHz Are Common. The Ultrasonic Sensor Can Measure Distances In Centimeters And Inches. It Provides Good Readings In Sensing Large-sized Objects With Hard Surfaces. Ultrasonic sensors

17. The ultrasonic sensor sends out sound and receives it back using the receiver. Together, the ultrasonic sensor's sender and receiver look like a pair of eyes, but it is not a sight sensor. Instead, those "eyes" are really more like a speaker and a microphone (a sound sensor). Ultrasonic working

18. CONT. The Emitter And Detector Are 2 Separate Units. The Emitter Emits The Light Which Is Detected By The Detector. A Target Is Detected When It Passes In-between The Emitter And Detector.

19. ADVANTAGES Ultrasonic proximity sensors are not affected by atmospheric dust, snow, rain..etc Can work in adverse conditions Sensing distance is more compared to inductive or capacitive proximity sensors DISADVANTAGES Ultrasonic sensors Has More Difficulties Reading Reflections From Soft, Curved, Thin Or Small Objects.

20. The  global market  for these  proximity sensors  is expected to grow at a steady rate. Major industries using proximity sensors are machine tools , woodworking machines , packaging machines and other types of machinery. Further applications of are automatic door units such as garage doors or doors inside buildings, elevator doors or doors inside railway coaches. The building and automotive sector are further industries using high volumes of proximity sensors. conclusion

21. REFRENCES http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/ca/c116-ca502_-en-p.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_sensor http://www.fargocontrols.com/sensors.html http://www.autonics.co.in/products/products_2.php?big=01&mid=01/01 http://www.ia.omron.com/support/guide/41/overview.html http://www.sensorcentral.com/photoelectric/proximity01.php http://www.engineershandbook.com/Components/proximitysensors.htm