Psycho physiological disorders

Basic level class for MSW

1. Psychophysiological disorders Aarcha Gowri Varma Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

2. Psychophysiological disorders Behavioral syndromes Associated with Physiological Disturbance and Physical Factors –Mental and behavioral disorders that were earlier called psycho somatic disorders . –Include : • Eating disorder • Non organic sleep disorder • Sexual dysfunctions • Mental and behavioral disorders associated with puerperium (pre natal) Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

3. 1. Eating disorders: – Characterized by physically and or psychologically harmful eating problems – Anorexia nervosa: More adolescent/ early adulthood females Preoccupation with body image and associated low self image and self esteem Refusal to maintain a body weight above the minimum normal weight for one’s age and height and intense fear of becoming obese. Reduced amount of food intake, literally engage in self starvation Can lead to other health issues , in extreme cases can be fatal Binge eating disorder: (BED) eat an unusually large amount of food and feel out of control during the binges. at when they are not hungry Eat alone because of embarrassment Feel disgusted, depressed, or guilty after overeating  Obese/ over weight No compensatory behavior Due to stressful situation Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

4. Bulimia Nervosa: Recurrent episodes of binge eating (rapid consumption of large quantities of food) at least twice a week Lose control over eating Compensatory behaviour – behaviours used to compensate the over eating and prevent weight gain Use vomiting, excess exercises to control weight. laxatives(substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation ) Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

5. Causes: - Genetics , development disorders Social pressure – bullying, body shamming, modelling, family pressure Psychological issues- stress, poor self esteem, poor self image, Treatment Pharmacotherapy, Psychotherapy. Nutritional supplements , Other psychosocial interventions Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

6. SLEEP DISORDER : Abnormal pattern of normal sleep wake cycle •It is divided into 2 1 ) Dyssomnias 2 ) Parasomnias Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

7. • 1) Dyssomnias – These are characterized by disturbance in the amount, quality or timing of sleep . Insomnia : – Difficulty in initiating sleep (going off to sleep) or maintaining sleep (remaining asleep) Frequent awakening during the night and early morning awakening despite adequate duration of sleep, feeling not having rested present (poor quality of sleep) Hypersomia : Excessive day time sleepiness Sleep attacks during day time (falling asleep unintentionally) Sleep drunkenness (person needs much more time to awaken and during this period is confused and disoriented) Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

8. 2) Parasomnias Dysfunctions or episodic night-time events occurring with sleep. Most parasomnias are common in childhood though they may persist into adulthood. Occurring during deep sleep and when awake does not remember the episode Sleep walking (somnambulism ): May leave the bed, walk about or leave the house. Arousal is difficult and accidents may occur during sleep walking. Sleep terrors or night terrors suddenly gets up screaming with automatic arousal (sweating, hyperventilation) May be difficult to arouse and rarely recalls the episode on awaking. Bruxism (tooth grinding): Sleep talking ( somniloquy ): Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

9. SEXUAL DISORDERS: Abnormal sexual patterns or behavior unable to participate in a sexual relationship as he or she would wish. Lack or loss of sexual desire : lack of feelings of desire or of sexual fantasies . lack of interest in initiating sexual activity Sexual aversion and lack of sexual enjoyment: prospect of sexual interaction with a partner produces sufficient aversion, fear, or anxiety that sexual activity is avoided , or, if it occurs, is associated with strong negative feelings and an inability to experience any pleasure. Failure of genital response : males: erectile dysfunction, i.e. difficulty in developing or maintaining an erection suitable for satisfactory intercourse female lubrication problem Orgasmic dysfunction : either absence or marked delay of orgasm Premature ejaculation: inability to delay ejaculation sufficiently to enjoy lovemaking Excessive sexual drive Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

10. Sexual relationship disorder Paraphilia's (disorders of sexual preference): sexual deviations in which sexual arousal occurs persistently and significantly in response to objects which are not part of normal sexual arousal. Sexual sadism : sexual aroused by physical /psychological humiliation, suffering or injury of the sexual partner. Sexual masochism : aroused by pain inflicted by other partner. Exhibitionism : sexual arousal by the exposure of one’s genitalia to an unsuspecting stranger (child or female). Followed by masturbation to achieve organism. Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS

11. Voyeurism : observe unsuspecting persons naked, disrobing or engaged in sexual activity . Frotteurism : act touching and rubbing against an unsuspecting or non consenting person. It is employed in crowded places. Pedophilia : Involvement of an adult in sexual activity with children Zoophilia : Involvement in sexual activity with animals Aarcha Gowri Varma,MPhil PSW, IMHANS