Psychological-Perspective-of-Self-pptx.pptx

Psychological self

1. The Psychological View of Self

2. Psychology Came from Greek words “psyche” and “logos”, which literally means “soul” and “mind study ” Scientific study of behavior and mental processes . As a science, it is concerned with how we develop our sense of self over the course of its development

3. Me-Self- and I-self The sum total of all that he/she can call his/her, not only his /her body and his/her psychic power, but his/her clothes, his/her house, his/her spouse and children, etc The self is a construct which encompasses all aspects of the person – both tangible and observable and even the internal and more private aspects of the self

4. Three Constituents of the Me-Self Material Self – this consists of one’s body, clothes, family, home and the other possessions that one values and regards s one’s own Social Self – this includes how we think other people think about us – our reputation is society Spiritual Self – this includes our psychological faculties and dispositions as well as thoughts, beliefs, and feelings which are considered the most enduring and intimate art of the self

5. I-self ( the Self owner) Me-self (the self as known) Also called pure ego The processor of information or the thinker, which allows one to be aware of the environment and one’s existence within the environment Also called the empirical self Further divided into three constituents: a. the material self, b. the social self, c. the spiritual self

6. The Differentiated Self Dr. Murray Bowe (1913-1990) – an American psychiatrist who was one of the pioneers of family therapy Differentiation of Selves – refers to the degree to which one is able to balance a. emotional and intellectual functioning b. intimacy and autonomy in relationship It involves the ability to make clear boundaries between our thoughts and feelings and to choose which of the two will guide our behavior

7. Highly Differentiated Self Individuals are able to balance autonomy and intimacy in their relationship This means that one is able to establish connection with others without losing one’s self in the process

8. Poorly Differentiated Self Individuals may engage in fusion in their relationships This means that they become very attached to roles they play in a relationship, they have few firmly held beliefs, they are more likely to be compliant and seek approval before making necessary decisions

9. Constituents of the “Me” self Self feeling Self-seeking Material Social Spiritual The feelings and emotions that are aroused in he individual by one’s knowledge and appraisal of one’s empirical existence in the world The individual effort to preserve and better one’s self knowledge and the resulting self-feeling

10. Concepts related to self Carl Rogers – a psychologist who is the proponent of Self theory Self – is made up of many self- perceptions,abilities and personality characteristics that are organized and consistent with one another Self-concept or self identity - refers to the global understanding a thinking being has of him or herself.

11. Two Kinds of Selves Real self – the image or picture of the self based on a person’s actual experiences and represents how he/she really or actually sees himself/herself Ideal self – is based on one’s hopes and wishes which reflects to see himself/herself.

12. Psychoanalytic View of Self Formulated by Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis: Freud’s Theory of Personality Freud’s theory suggest that personality is composed of the id the id, the ego the ego, and the superego the superego . ID : the unorganized, inborn part of personality whose purpose is to immediately reduce tensions relating to hunger, sex, aggression, and other primitive impulses. EGO: restrains instinctual energy in order to maintain the safety of the individual and to help the person to be a member of society. SUPEREGO : the rights and wrongs of society and consists of the conscience and the ego-ideal.

13. Oral stage ( 0-1 year) Oral region (erogenous zone) Infants derive much pleasure in sucking activities such as sucking fingers,toes and nipples If not satisfied with this stage, needs may continue to resurface at a later period in life in such forms as eating or smoking

14. Anal stage (2-3 years) Emphasis on toilet trainings Over attention or lack of attention to children ’ s toilet training may cause problems associated with fixation of development at this stage:Compulsive need to be clean and orderly , Frugality and Greed Obstinate insistence on doing things at one ’ s own rate even at the expense of one ’ s patience, time, excessive massiveness and disorderly habits

15. Phallic Stage (4-6 years) Genital region (erogenous zone) Derive pleasure from activities associated with striking and manipulating their sex organs Oedipus complex – boys experience rivalry with their father for their mothers attention and affection Electra complex – girls experience a similar crisis at this time of life. Girl sees her mother as rival for her father ’ s attention but fear for mother is less

16. Latency Stage (6-12 years) Calm and stable period Disturbing and conflicting feelings of children are buried in the subconscious mind Energies are absorbed by school learning, peer relations, sports and other recreational activities

17. Genital stage (13 years onwards) Starts with onset of puberty Oedipal feelings are reactivated and directed toward other persons of the opposite sex

18. Psychosocial theory of development Formulated by Erik Erickson According to him, for each stage of development, some kind of psychosocial crisis is likely to occur First five stages occur during childhood and adolescent years while the last three stages occur during adulthood

19. Stage 1 (0-2 years) – Trust vs. Mistrust Child learns either trust or mistrust If mother or the substitute mother is consistently affectionate and loving, the infant develops feeling of security and trust. Child becomes open to new experiences If the mother is cold, inattentive and rejecting, abusive or inconsistent in discipline, the infant becomes insecure and distrustful. Child becomes close to new experience

20. Stage 2 (2-3 years) – Autonomy vs. Do ubt Child learns to walk, talk and use his hands Child begins to make choices and express his will If encouraged, he develops a sense of autonomy and independence If unwanted, child may develop a sense of doubt and shame manifested in feelings of worthlessness and incompetence feeling

21. Stage 3 (3-6 years) – Initiative vs. guilt Child begin to explore his social and physical worlds discovering what he can accomplish Child begins to identify with appropriate adult sex role and imitate aspects of the adult ’ s behavior However, if punished for attempts to establish initiative behavior, he may develop a sense of guilt. He may adopt a passive pattern of behavior that will guide his future behavior

22. Stage 4 (6-12 years) Industry vs. Inferiority Technical skills are learned and feelings of competence enlarged Child enters the new world of neighborhood and the school Striving to master great number of activities in order to win acceptance and prestige in their peer group If children come to believe that they cannot achieve according to their expectations or to the expectations of their school, family or peers, their sense of mastery will give way to personal inferiority

23. Stage 5 (13-19 years) Identity vs. identity confusion Identity-formation crisis “who I am and what can I do when I become adult?” When it becomes too difficult for adolescent to establish a clear picture of his self-identity, a sense of role confusion results Establishment of their ideal of who he is and what he can be as an adult, becomes prepared to move on to the 6 th stage

24. Stage 6 (20-39 years) Intimacy vs. Isolation Age of intimacy Individual develop warm intimate relationship with another person If sense of intimacy is not acquired during this time of life, a sense of isolation develops instead

25. Stage 7 (40-65 years) – Generatively vs. Self-Absorption Productive years of adulthood Individual’s productivity is gauzed by his contributions to his family and society Person who fails to develop this sense of generativity becomes preoccupied with his personal needs and interest or both with sense of self absorption

26. Stage 8 (66 onwards) – Integrity vs.Despair This is the fulfillment and culmination of psychosocial development of the previous stages This is the achievement of a sense integrity resulting from identification with mankind If a person develop an attitude of regret and fear of the end of life, then sense of despair emerges

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