PSYCHOLOGICAL-PERSPECTIVE-OF-THE-SELF.pptx

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1. PSYCHOLOGICAL PERPECTIVE OF THE SELF

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the discussion: Define and describe the different concepts of self Differentiate the various concepts of the self and identify their interrelationship explain how the concepts of self-influence behavior apply concepts of self in one’s life to develop self- awareness and self-understanding

3. WHAT IS SELF? The self is a combination of thoughts, experiences, and identities that shape who we are. Importance of Studying the Self Understanding personal growth and development Helps in improving mental health, self-esteem, and social behavior.

4. WILLIAM JAMES CONCEPT OF THE SELF: “ME-SELF” and the “I-SELF” The self is divided into two: I-self - the self that knows who he is or she is The thinking self reflects the soul of a person or what is now thought of as the mind and is called pure ego Me-self - the empirical self it refers to describing the person’s personal experiences and further divided into sub categories: material se;f, social self and spiritual self

5. CARL ROGERS REAL AND IDEAL SELF Self-concept refers to the image of oneself. Defined the self as a flexible and changing perception of personal identity the self develops from interactions with significant people and self-awareness According to him, human beings are always striving for self-fulfillment, or self-actualization

6. REAL SELF Consist of all the ideas including the awareness of “what I am” and “what I can do” IDEAL SELF The person’s conception of what one should be or wanted to be that includes one’s goals and ambitions in life. NOTE: The closer the ideal self is to the real self, the more fulfilled and happy the individual becomes.

7. Self-concept - as the totality of complex, organized and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes and opinions that each person hold to be true about his or her personal experience Three components: Self-worth or self-esteem Self-image Ideal self

8. TRUE VERSUS FALSE SELF Winnicott suggests that the self is composed of the true and false self. The function of the false self is to hide and protect the true self. People tend to display a false self to impress others. The self can change depending on the situation.

9. ALBERT BANDURA He suggests that human have the ability to act and make things happen. In his theory of the self, people are viewed as proactive agents of experience. Self-Efficacy: A person's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations. Observational Learning: People develop their sense of self by observing others and modeling behaviors.

10. The main agentic features of human agency are: Intentionality refers to acts done intentionally. Forethought enables the person to anticipate the likely consequences of prospective actions. Self-reflectiveness gives the person the ability to reflect upon oneself and the adequacy of one’s thoughts and actions.

11. Self-efficacy refers to the individual’s belief that he or she is capable to perform a task. Efficacy beliefs plays a central role in self-regulation.

12. CARL JUNG THE SELF AS THE CENTRAL ARCHETYPE He suggested that psyche (self) continues to develop throughout life, but the psyche starts to show a definite form and content during adolescence.

13. EGO is one’s conscious mind, the part of the psyche that includes perceptions, thoughts, feelings and memories that may enter consciousness. Personal unconscious includes the repressed and forgotten experience Collective unconscious consists of the fundamental elements of the human psyche that includes experiences all humans share in common

14. COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS Concept of archetypes: Persona refers to social roles that individuals present to others Shadow refers to the repressed thoughts that are unacceptable (dark side of the psyche). Anima is the feminin side of the male psyche while the animus is the masculine side of the female psyche The self is the central archetype that unites alla parts of the psyche. The ego is the individual’s conscious perception of the self.

15. SIGMUND FREUD It appears that the ID is the devil within the self, the superego is the angel, and ego is the person in the middle. These three are often in conflict with each other.

16. Psychic Conflict and Personality Interplay Between Id, Ego, and Superego: The self, according to Freud, is shaped by the constant negotiation between these three forces. Example: When a person feels guilty for giving in to a desire (like eating unhealthy food), this reflects the conflict between the Id (which desires immediate pleasure) and the Superego (which upholds healthy behavior). Defense Mechanisms: To manage conflicts between the Id and Superego, the ego employs defense mechanisms to reduce anxiety and maintain psychological balance. Examples of Defense Mechanisms: Repression: Pushing threatening thoughts into the unconscious. Denial: Refusing to acknowledge a painful reality. Projection: Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others.

17. Stages of Psychosexual Development Oral Stage (0-1 year): Focus on the mouth (e.g., sucking and biting). Fixation: May lead to issues like smoking or overeating in adulthood. Anal Stage (1-3 years): Focus on controlling bladder and bowel movements. Fixation: Results in personality traits such as excessive cleanliness or messiness. Phallic Stage (3-6 years): Focus on the genitals and the development of the Oedipus complex.

18. Stages of Psychosexual Development Oedipus Complex: Unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent. Latency Stage (6-puberty): Dormant sexual feelings; focus on social relationships and intellectual development. Genital Stage (puberty onward): Maturation of sexual interests; focus on relationships and love.

19. ERIK ERIKSON Adolescence stage is aperiod of identity development Identity formation is usually viewed as a process that requires adolescents to distance themselves from the strong expectations and definitions imposed by parents and other family members

20. PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

21. THE END