Psychology class 11 PPT of learnings.pdf

Psychology

1. What is Psychology?
•The scientific study
of human and
animal behavior

2. What is Behavior?
•Pretty much ANYTHING that you do,
think or feel.

3. Types of Psychology
•Research:
–Studies why things happen.
–Deals with theories and lab experiments
•“Lab tests show people’s anxiety level increases
when surrounded by the color red.”
•Applied:
–Figures out how to USE information found
by researchers
–“NASA scientists study which colors to paint
the inside of the International Space Station”

4. Fields of Psychology
Where Psychologists work
Uiversities
Colleges and
research settings
48%
Hospitals clinics
and human
services
24%
Independent
practice
15%
Business and
government
13%

5. Example fields (p21-22)
•Clinical Psychology – therapists etc
•Educational Psychology – therapists for kids,
help ID and aid learning styles and issues
•Child Psych – how the brain grows and learns
to learn. Also – how to parent
•Environmental Psych – coping with disasters,
crowding, workplace environment

6. Example Fields continued
•Industrial Psych – marketing, public relations,
efficiency
•Engineering Psych – human / machine
interaction, design casinos
•Experimental Psych – usually research people.
Lab experiments. Colleges
•Teaching – this class for instance

7. History of Psychology
The founders

8. Charles Darwin
•Not a psychologist
•Developed theory of
evolution
•Believed we can study
animals to understand
ourselves

9. William Wundt (“Vundt”)
•Germany 1880s
•Laboratory of Psychology
•“Father of Psychology”
•First to try to scientifically study
the workings of the mind
•Introspection
–Record your thought
–Map out the thought process
–Did not work out well – but
inspired others
wundt-1wundt-1

10. William James
•First American
Psychologist
•1880s – 1900s
•All activities of the
mind (thinking,
feeling learning,
remembering) serve
to help us survive

11. Sigmund Freud
•Austrian late 1800s –
1930s
•Psychoanalysis
•Conscious mind is only
the tip of the iceberg
–Concentration on the
unconscious mind
–“learn through dream
analysis”

12. Francis Galton (1880s, England)
•Is Behavior / Intelligence hereditary or
learned?
–“nature vs nurture idea
–Based his ideas on biographies of
“intellectual” families
•Has some serious flaws
•Developed the first “personality tests”
and “intelligence tests”

13. Ivan Pavlov
•Russia early 1900s
•Experiments with his
dog
•Conditioned response
–Behavior is result of past
experience

14. John Watson (early 1900s)
•ALL behavior is the result of learning (or
conditioning) – even what we think is
instinct
•Similar experiments as Pavlov – but
Watson used children
•Has some serious
impact on the kids
Albert and the rat

15. B.F. Skinner
•Mid – late 1900s. American
•Conditioning can be applied
to entire societies
–Reward for behavior results in
that behavior being done again
in the future
•Though he did not feel the
opposite worked (punishment
does not change behavior – just
covers it up)
–Entire basis for “Walden II” – a
utopian society based on
rewarding good behavior
(Class participation points work the same way 

16. Approaches to Psychology
•Neurobiological
•Behavioral
•Psychoanalytic
•Cognitive
•Sociocultural

17. Neurobiological
•Concentrates on the Chemical / Physical
reasons for behavior
–What chemical reactions occur in our brains
and bodies as a result of stimulations and
what reactions do they cause?
•In some ways, our behavior is hard wired
into us

18. Just for laughs

19. Outdoor
Grilling Area

20. Behavioral
•We adapt our behavior based on
rewards
•We learn through experience
•Behavior can be changed
–B.F. Skinner was a behavioralist

21. Humanistic
•Interested in what it means to be human
•Everyone has the chance to grow to
greatness. The only thing holding us
back is ourselves.
We continually strive to
achieve greatness
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

22. Psychoanalytical Approach
•We all have suppressed desires
•We unconsciously do things to alleviate
these desires
•Analyze what we do subconsciously in
order to understand our REAL selves.
–Freud: father of psychoanalysis

23. Cognitive Approach
•Studies how we process information through
–perception, attention, language, memory, and
thinking
•How they influence our thoughts, feelings,
behaviors and ability to operate in our world.
•Past experiences make the difference between
one person's perception and another's
–Can you give an example to illustrate this?

24. Sociocultural Approach
•Impact society has on behavior
–economics, race, ethnic group, climate,
religion, language, traditions, cultures,
gender, location, politics, etc