Psychology, “ Factors affecting intelligence ”.

Effect of heredity and environment in intelligence.

3. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Nature-Nurture Interplay: Intelligence is influenced byNature-Nurture Interplay: Intelligence is influenced by
both genetic (Nature) and environmental (Nurture)both genetic (Nature) and environmental (Nurture)
factors.factors.
11..

2.2.Dynamic Nature of Intelligence: Intelligence can changeDynamic Nature of Intelligence: Intelligence can change
and develop over time.and develop over time.
3.Inheritance of Intelligence: Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is3.Inheritance of Intelligence: Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is
partially influenced by parents' IQ levels.partially influenced by parents' IQ levels.

4. DefinitionsDefinitionsDefinitions

5. FACTORS
AFFECTING
INTELLIGENCE
Heredit-
ary
Factor
Environ-
mental
Factors
Prenatal
Environ-
ment
Home
Environ-
ment
Parent
-Child
Interaction
Social &
Environ
-mental
Deprivation
Physiologi
-cal
Congratula
-tions
Socio
-economic
Status

6. FACTORS AFFECTING
INTELLIGENCE
FACTORS AFFECTING
INTELLIGENCE

7. HEREDITYHEREDITYHEREDITY 111...
Heredity refers to the passing of genetically transmittedHeredity refers to the passing of genetically transmittedHeredity refers to the passing of genetically transmitted
characteristics from one generation to the next.characteristics from one generation to the next.characteristics from one generation to the next.

The genotype express itself in observable appearanceThe genotype express itself in observable appearanceThe genotype express itself in observable appearance
and behaviour.and behaviour.and behaviour.
The phenotype include Intelligence, personality andThe phenotype include Intelligence, personality andThe phenotype include Intelligence, personality and
creativity.creativity.creativity.
Children's IQ tends to correlate with their parents' IQ, withChildren's IQ tends to correlate with their parents' IQ, withChildren's IQ tends to correlate with their parents' IQ, with
high-IQ parents having high-IQ children and low-IQ parentshigh-IQ parents having high-IQ children and low-IQ parentshigh-IQ parents having high-IQ children and low-IQ parents
having relatively low-IQ children.having relatively low-IQ children.having relatively low-IQ children.

8. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTOR
2. ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTOR
Environment provides the necessary input and
experimental base for intellectual development of child.
Environment or deficiency of environment would produce
diffrence in his abilities.
Environment provides the necessary input and
experimental base for intellectual development of child.
Environment or deficiency of environment would produce
diffrence in his abilities.

9. The prenatal stage is the period from conception to birth,
during which the fertilized egg develops into a human being.
The prenatal stage is the period from conception to birth,
during which the fertilized egg develops into a human being.
Rapid development takes place in major organs and
brain cells.
If error takes place during this period, the effects are
nearly irreversible or are very difficult to correct.

10. THE MAJOR PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCESTHE MAJOR PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCESTHE MAJOR PRENATAL ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES

1. Nutritional status of mother:
Undernourished mother may deliverUndernourished mother may deliverUndernourished mother may deliver

underweight and more susceptible to disease.underweight and more susceptible to disease.underweight and more susceptible to disease.
2. Emotional status of mother:2. Emotional status of mother: Anxious and tense mother are likely toAnxious and tense mother are likely toAnxious and tense mother are likely to
deliver infants who would be irritable anddeliver infants who would be irritable anddeliver infants who would be irritable and
show problems in sleeping and eating.show problems in sleeping and eating.show problems in sleeping and eating.
Maternal disease may produce permanentMaternal disease may produce permanentMaternal disease may produce permanent
adverse effects on the baby.adverse effects on the baby.adverse effects on the baby.
4. Substance abuse by mother:4. Substance abuse by mother:
Drugs taken by mothers may develop fetalDrugs taken by mothers may develop fetalDrugs taken by mothers may develop fetal
alcohol syndrome, regarded physical andalcohol syndrome, regarded physical andalcohol syndrome, regarded physical and
mental growth.mental growth.mental growth.
5. Birth complications:5. Birth complications: If child suffer with lack of oxygen at the time ofIf child suffer with lack of oxygen at the time ofIf child suffer with lack of oxygen at the time of
birth, child may be born with intellectual disabilitybirth, child may be born with intellectual disabilitybirth, child may be born with intellectual disability
disorder.disorder.disorder.

11. 4. Home environment4. Home environment4. Home environment
The home environment refers to the mental and behavioral interactionsThe home environment refers to the mental and behavioral interactionsThe home environment refers to the mental and behavioral interactions
among family members that influence a child's development.among family members that influence a child's development.among family members that influence a child's development.
Home is the first learning institution for a child, playing a crucial roleHome is the first learning institution for a child, playing a crucial roleHome is the first learning institution for a child, playing a crucial role
in early years of development.in early years of development.in early years of development.
Types of home environment and there effect :-
1. Supportive home environment - warm and encouraging, Forsters
exploration, curiosity & self-reliance, Leads to higher intellectual
communication in childrens.
2. Unsupportive home environment - punitive and rejecting, extremely
authoritarian with rigid rules, leads to lower intellectual communication
in childrens.

12. 5. PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION5. PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION5. PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION

13. 6. SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL6. SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL6. SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL
DEPRIVATIONDEPRIVATIONDEPRIVATION
If the environmental opportunities and stimulations
are low children show poor cognitive performance.
If the environmental opportunities and stimulations
are low children show poor cognitive performance.
Social observational learning is an important
factor to build personality and cognition of child.
Social observational learning is an important
factor to build personality and cognition of child.

14. 7. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS7. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS7. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS

15. 8. PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS8. PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Healthy body gives healthy mind.Healthy body gives healthy mind.
The biological processes within the body provides a
necessary but not sufficient condition for intellectual
development.
The biological processes within the body provides a
necessary but not sufficient condition for intellectual
development.
Poor health and suspectibility to disease would
retard the growth of brain cells and consequently
thantellectual skills.
Poor health and suspectibility to disease would
retard the growth of brain cells and consequently
thantellectual skills.

16. Intelligence is influenced by hereditary and environmental
factors
Environmental factors include parental, prenatal, home,
social, socioeconomic, and physiological conditions.
Nurturing environment and positive interactions foster
healthy cognitive growth.
Deprivation and neglect hinder intellectual development.
Understanding the interplay between factors promotes
optimal cognitive development.
Intelligence is influenced by hereditary and environmental
factors
Environmental factors include parental, prenatal, home,
social, socioeconomic, and physiological conditions.
Nurturing environment and positive interactions foster
healthy cognitive growth.
Deprivation and neglect hinder intellectual development.
Understanding the interplay between factors promotes
optimal cognitive development.
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

17. THANKYOUTHANKYOUTHANKYOU